20.500.12556/ReVIS-12195 Avtizem pri predšolskih otrocih diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa prve bolonjske stopnje Zdravstvena nega Uvod: Motnja avtističnega spektra (MAS) je kompleksna nevrološko-razvojna motnja, ki se običajno začne kazati že pred tretjim letom starosti. Zgodnje prepoznavanje znakov je ključno za pravočasno vključitev otrok v obravnavo, kar lahko pomembno vpliva na njihov razvoj socialnih, komunikacijskih in vedenjskih spretnosti. Namen raziskave je bil pregledati aktualna spoznanja o avtizmu pri predšolskih otrocih ter izpostaviti pomen zgodnje diagnostike in intervencij. Metodologija: Raziskava temelji na sistematičnem pregledu znanstvene literature, objavljene med letoma 2013 in 2023. Vključenih je bilo 23 recenziranih člankov iz baz podatkov PubMed, Scopus in ScienceDirect. Vključitveni kriteriji so obsegali študije o značilnostih, prepoznavanju in obravnavi avtizma pri otrocih, starih od 2 do 6 let. Analiza se je osredotočila na zgodnje znake avtizma, diagnostične pristope ter učinkovitost zgodnjih intervencij. Rezultati: Najpogostejši zgodnji znaki MAS so motnje v očesnem stiku, omejena socialna komunikacija, zakasnjen govor in ponavljajoče se vedenje. Raziskave poudarjajo pomen presejanja v vrtcih in pri pediatrih. Učinkovite so se izkazale vedenjske terapije ( npr. ABA), logopedska pomoč in vključevanje v strukturirana učna okolja. Razprava: Zgodnje prepoznavanje MAS je ključno, vendar se pogosto pojavljajo zamude pri diagnozi zaradi pomanjkanja usposobljenega kadra in ozaveščenosti. Potrebno je okrepiti izobraževanje strokovnjakov, povečati dostop do programov ter spodbujati sodelovanje med starši, vrtcem in zdravstvom. Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that usually begins to manifest itself before the age of three. Early recognition of signs is key to timely inclusion of children in treatment, which can significantly affect their development of social, communication and behavioral skills. The purpose of the study was to review current knowledge about autism in preschool children and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. Methodology: The research is based on a systematic review of scientific literature published between 2013 and 2023. 23 peer-reviewed articles from the PubMed, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were included. Inclusion criteria included studies on the characteristics, recognition and treatment of autism in children aged 2 to 6 years. The analysis focused on early signs of autism, diagnostic approaches and the effectiveness of early interventions. Results: The most common early signs of MAS are impaired eye contact, limited social communication, delayed speech, and repetitive behaviors. Research emphasizes the importance of screening in preschools and pediatricians. Behavioral therapies (e.g., ABA), speech therapy, and inclusion in structured learning environments have been shown to be effective. Discussion: Early recognition of MAS is crucial, but delays in diagnosis are often due to a lack of trained staff and awareness. It is necessary to strengthen the education of professionals, increase access to programs, and promote cooperation between parents, kindergartens, and healthcare providers. avtizem predšolski otroci starši komunikacija diagnoza autism preschool children parents communication diagnosis true false false Ć. Džidić Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2025-09-15 15:39:04 2025-09-15 15:39:04 2025-09-16 03:15:22 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 2025 Maribor 50 f., [4] f. pril. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.896-053.4(043.2) 249018883 DIP_Dzidic_Cima_2025.pdf DIP_Dzidic_Cima_2025.pdf 1 5460159506B9AEA34128252C0C75AE30 43b6fb749e91f5ae0894839ebc6fa33a9e3488f551c716a3066efd546ac586f1 600ea6d9-9239-11f0-9bb7-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=14215 Univerza Alma Mater Europaea 0 0 0