20.500.12556/ReVIS-13472 Pomen ustne higiene pri bolnikih po možganski kapi diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa prve bolonjske stopnje Zdravstvena nega Uvod: Možganska kap je eden vodilnih vzrokov invalidnosti in smrti, pri čemer so zapleti, kot je aspiracijska pljučnica, pogost vzrok podaljšane hospitalizacije in povečane umrljivosti. Ustrezna ustna higiena, ki jo izvaja usposobljeno zdravstveno osebje, lahko pomembno zmanjša tveganje za te zaplete. Metode: Izveden je bil sistematični pregled literature zadnjih desetih let, v katerem so bile analizirane raziskave o vplivu ustne higiene na pojavnost pljučnice pri bolnikih po možganski kapi ter o povezavi med motnjami požiranja in nastankom pljučnice. Vključene so bile študije različnih metodoloških zasnov in hierarhij dokazov. Rezultati: Analiza je pokazala, da redna, strukturirana in strokovno izvedena ustna nega pomembno zmanjša pojavnost aspiracijske pljučnice, izboljša ustno zdravje ter ugodno vpliva na kakovost življenja bolnikov po možganski kapi. Pri bolnikih z disfagijo je tveganje za pljučnico večje, ustna higiena pa predstavlja ključen spremenljiv dejavnik tveganja. Učinkovitost je večja, kadar se izvaja po standardiziranih protokolih in z uporabo antiseptikov. Zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo potrebo po uvedbi enotnih protokolov ustne nege, stalnem usposabljanju medicinskih sester ter multidisciplinarnem pristopu k obravnavi bolnikov po možganski kapi. Nadaljnje raziskave bi morale obravnavati dolgoročne učinke ustne higiene in njen vpliv na stroške zdravstvene obravnave. Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death, with complications such as aspiration pneumonia being a common reason for prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality. Proper oral hygiene, performed by trained healthcare professionals, can significantly reduce the risk of these complications. Methods: A systematic literature review of the past ten years was conducted, analyzing studies on the impact of oral hygiene on the incidence of pneumonia in post-stroke patients and on the association between swallowing disorders and pneumonia. The review included studies of various methodological designs and levels of evidence. Results: The analysis showed that regular, structured, and professionally delivered oral care significantly reduces the incidence of aspiration pneumonia, improves oral health, and positively affects the quality of life of post-stroke patients. In patients with dysphagia, the risk of pneumonia is higher, while oral hygiene represents a key modifiable risk factor. The effectiveness of interventions increases when implemented according to standardized protocols and with the use of antiseptics. Conclusion: The findings confirm the need for implementing unified oral care protocols, continuous training of nurses and a multidisciplinary approach in the management of post-stroke patients. Further research should address the long-term effects of oral hygiene and its impact on healthcare costs. možganska kap ustna higiena aspiracijska pljučnica disfagija zdravstvena nega stroke oral hygiene aspiration pneumonia dysphagia nursing care true false false P. Marčinko Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-04-02 15:41:38 2026-04-02 15:41:39 2026-04-03 03:12:48 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 2025 Maribor 50 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.31-083:616.831-005.1(043.2) 274077955 https://d.cobiss.net/repository/si/files/274077955/175836/Mar%C4%8Dinko_Polona_dd_2025.pdf 1 ad8e8362-2e99-11f1-af78-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=16047 Marcinko_Polona_dd_2025.pdf Marcinko_Polona_dd_2025.pdf 1 887F30FA397C38831B1B054A99854BAB c86df8a492b7d09cf3b35e1ca9d2b9ff32e8f14409b20dc91ba322f9dfd7ea20 d0744b28-2e99-11f1-af78-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=16048 Univerza Alma Mater Europaea 0 0 0