20.500.12556/ReVIS-7897 Zaupanje v civilnodružbene organizacije študija primera zaupanja v sindikate v Sloveniji magistrska naloga Iz zgodovinske dediščine socialističnega tipa gospodarstva smo se naučili prevzemati gospodarsko trţno kulturo ter prevzemati standarde in vrednote, kot obstajajo v drţavah zahodne Evrope. Še opazneje se je ta prehod zgodil s pridruţitvijo novih drţav srednje in vzhodne Evrope v Evropsko unijo. Iz navedenih spoznanj v tem delu izhaja, da politična in ekonomska kultura pomembno vplivata kot podlaga na razvoj civilne druţbe. Cilj te naloge je predstavitev vloge civilne druţbe in ugotoviti, kolikšno je zaupanje v sindikate in kako vpliva zaupanje na gibanje števila članstva v evropskih drţavah in v Sloveniji. Primerjali smo zaupanje v slovenske sindikate z zaupanjem, ki ga uţivajo sindikati drugod v evropskih drţavah, in sicer na podlagi primerjanja opravljenih evropskih druţboslovnih raziskav in slovenskih raziskav Slovensko javno mnenje (SJM). Prav tako smo ugotavljali, ali je zaupanje posledično vplivalo na spreminjanje števila članstva v sindikatih. Delovanje sindikatov se je spremenilo s prehodom v nov politično-ekonomski sistem, spremenila se je njihova druţbena vloga. V času po osamosvojitvi Slovenije so nastajali novi sindikati, ki so se organizirali po cehovskem principu in se zdruţevali v sindikalne centrale. Z drugim raziskovalnim vprašanjem smo ţeleli ugotoviti, kako se vodstva slovenskih sindikatov soočajo z upadom zaupanja v sindikate, postavili smo hipotezo, da se soočajo na različne načine, kar vpliva tudi na število članstva. Iz ţe opravljenih mednarodnih raziskav je mogoče ugotoviti, da se je zaupanje v sindikate v drţavah EU v zadnjih dvajsetih letih zelo različno gibalo po posameznih drţavah, prav tako pa se je različno gibalo tudi število članstva. Iz strukturiranih intervjujev petih predsednikov največjih slovenskih sindikalnih central smo izvedeli, da sindikati skrbijo za komunikacijo s članstvom na različne načine. Nekatere centrale so vključene v nadnacionalne sindikalne organizacije, kjer črpajo znanja in izkušnje za vodenje socialnega dialoga s socialnimi partnerji. Menijo, da imajo pomemben mobilizacijski potencial za varovanje materialnopravnega in socialnega poloţaja delavstva. Na gibanje števila članstva v slovenskih sindikatih je po osamosvojitvi pomembno vplival novo nastali sindikalni pluralizem in nova druţbena vloga sindikatov. Do leta 1999 je bil zabeleţen znaten upad sindikalnega članstva, ki pa je sčasoma naraščalo do leta 2006. Nato so trendi pričeli upadati do leta 2009, ko je prišlo do manjšega prirasta sindikalnih članov, ki so se na ravni drţave ustalili na pribliţno 20 % zaposlenih. Sindikalni funkcionarji so menili, da je zaupanje v sindikate večinoma povezano s politično ekonomskimi razmerami v drţavi, medtem ko se je upad članstva dogajal predvsem zaradi propada mnogih delovno intenzivnih panog z velikimi industrijskimi obrati in velikim številom zaposlenih. Menijo, da je v zasebnem sektorju sindikalna aktivnost večinoma nezaţelena, kar povzroča nizko sindikalno aktivnost, ki jo pripisujejo neoliberalnemu ekonomskemu konceptu upravljanja drţave. Le-ta je med drugim vplival na upadanje članstva. Iz same raziskave je mogoče ugotoviti sindikalno rigidnost in neprilagodljivost na novonastale druţbene spremembe. V prihodnosti bo nujno povezovanje sindikatov na način, ko ne bo moţno izsiljevati z rešitvami za posamezne skupine zaposlenih, kot se to dogaja v sedanjosti. Način volitev sindikalnih funkcionarjev in politika sindikatov sta v marsičem preţiveta in nujno potrebna tako miselne kot kadrovske prenove. Volitve sindikalnih funkcionarjev bi bilo treba demokratizirati na izvedbeni ravni. Delovanje sindikatov se mora intenzivirati tudi na druga problemska področja, ki jih sedaj obravnavajo le na deklarativni ravni, predvsem pa bo treba aktivirati sindikate za vključevanje mlajše in izobraţene populacije v sindikate. Zelo slabo so se sindikati izkazali s svojo organiziranostjo v manjših zasebnih gospodarskih druţbah ali pri zasebnikih, kjer se dogajajo največje kršitve pravic zaposlenih, šikaniranja in nezakonito odpuščanje iz delovnih razmerij. Nerazumno je vztrajanje sindikatov pri monopolizaciji v kolektivnem dogovarjanju, saj niso vsi zaposleni vključeni v sindikate. Potreben bo razmislek tudi o drugih oblikah delavske udeleţenosti v kolektivnem dogovarjanju in pri ostalih oblikah socialnih dogovorov med socialnimi partnerji. Ti pomisleki ponujajo odgovor na vprašanje o primernosti vodenja sindikatov in ustreznosti sindikalne politike, ki deluje v precejšnji smeri samozaščite in samozadostnosti. Verjetno vse omenjeno zmanjšuje zaupanje v sindikate in tudi vpliva na upad sindikalnega članstva. The historical heritage of the socialist economic system taught us to accept the market economy culture as well as both standards and values present in the West European countries. This transition was even more striking upon the new Central and East European states' entry into the European Union. The stated cognitions in this part show the importance of the influence that the political and economic culture have as the basis for the development of civil society. The aim of this paper is to present the role that the civil society plays, to establish the amount of trust that the trade-unions enjoy and the way this trust is reflected in growing or decreasing numbers of the trade-unions' members in European states and in Slovenia. Based on the conducted surveys (namely, the comparative data of European sociological surveys and Slovenian public opinion polls - SJM was used) the trust in the Slovenian trade-unions was compared to the amount of trust the trade-unions enjoy in other European states and the question was addressed whether the amount of trust influenced the rise or fall of the number of the trade-unions' members as a consequence. The transition into the new political and economic system changed the functioning of the trade-unions; it changed their social role. In the period after Slovenia gained its independence new trade-unions were established which were organised like guilds and integrated into trade-union headquarters. The purpose of the second research question was to establish how the trade-unions' management are dealing with a decrease of trust in the trade-unions. It carried the hypothesis that the management are addressing the issue differently, which as a consequence is reflected in the extent of the trade-union's membership. Coming from already conducted international surveys we can find that the amount of trust in the trade-unions as well as the extent of its membership has varied from state to state in the last twenty years within the EU. The structured interview with the five chairs of biggest Slovenian trade-union headquarters showed that there are different ways that the trade-unions choose to communicate with their members. Some headquarters are joint into supra-national associations, which serve as a source of knowledge and experience for the social dialogue between social partners. They believe they have an important potential of mobilization for the protection of the substantive legal situation of the proletariat. After Slovenia gained its independence the new social role of the trade-unions and the newly-emerged trade union pluralism had a huge impact on the variability of the membership of the Slovenian trade-unions. Up until 1999 the trade-union membership suffered a significant decrease, whereas afterwards the trend was increasing until 2006. After that year again the membership was in decline until 2009, when a slight accrual of trade unions' members arose. The numbers settled at approximately 20% of the employed at the national level. The trade-union officials held that the trust into the trade-unions was greatly connected with political and economic situation in the state, whereas the decrease of membership was being credited to a whole number of work-intensive branches with huge industrial plants and a large number of employees collapsing. According to them the trade-union activity in the private sector is to a great extent undesirable and as a result the trade-union activity (credited to neo-liberal economic concept of state-management that too led to the decrease of membership) is in fact miniscule. The research itself reveals the rigidness and inflexibility of the trade-unions in the light of newly emergent social change. In the future the integration of trade-unions will be inevitable. They will have to cooperate in a way that will prevent the extortion of certain solutions enfavouring a particular group of employees as is the case nowadays. In many ways the voting method of trade-unions' officials and the trade-union politics are obsolete and call for an urgent renewal both in thought as well as regarding the personnel. The democratisation of trade-union officials' elections should be imposed at the operational level. The trade unions must become more active in problem areas they only cover declaratively and above all, the trade unions will have to take a more active stance as far as the inclusion of younger and educated population among its midst is concerned. The trade-unions are very poorly organised in smaller private companies or in private undertakings, where most of the breaches of the rights of the employees, their mobbing and illegal dismissals take place. It is unreasonable that the trade-unions insist on their monopolisation of collective bargaining, when not all the employees are their members. The situation calls for a deliberation on other types of workers' participation in collective bargaining and other sorts of social agreements among social partners. These reservations give answers about inappropriate trade-unions' management and an unsuitable trade-unions' policy acting largely in self-defence and in a self-sufficient manner. This is where the reasons for a decline of trust in the trade-unions and consequently the decrease in its membership are to be found. civilna družba civilnodružbene organizacije politična kultura ekonomska kultura sindikati zaupanje sindikalna organiziranost sindikalno članstvo civil society civil society organizations political culture economic culture trade unions trust union organization trade union membership true true false [E. Vivoda] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2021-07-26 13:24:55 2021-07-26 13:24:55 2024-06-12 16:57:13 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2012 0 Nova Gorica 2012 Nova Gorica Na ov.: Magistrska naloga : študijskega programa druge stopnje; 66 str., [39] f. pril. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 321.011.5:331.105.44 1024478017 RAZ_Vivoda_Edi_i2012.pdf RAZ_Vivoda_Edi_i2012.pdf 1 396AD457B482A7C6E851805493856D8F 6494e6ed3acf5e69ca843a7e341fb1ead1e8520c4d28baa455ed66dc767579af ee35cadd-2898-11ef-9c9e-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=8278 Fakulteta za uporabne družbene študije 0 0 0