20.500.12556/ReVIS-8032 Globalizacija trga in pravic intelektualne lastnine in zaton neodvisnih izumiteljev doktorska disertacija Pričujoče delo obravnava določeno skupino inovatorjev, ki jo imenujemo neodvisni ali samostojni (tudi »osamljeni« in »svobodni«) izumitelji in je v sodobnem času neupravičeno prezrta v družboslovnih raziskavah in skoraj popolnoma ignorirana v inovacijskih politikah držav. Avtorica skuša najprej podrobneje definirati skupino in dokazuje, da ima ta specifične lastnosti, ki jo razlikujejo od druge skupine inovatorjev, ki bi jo lahko imenovali kot institucionalno ali korporativno. Manjša raziskava na vzorcu slovenskih samostojnih izumiteljev potrdi ugotovitve iz (žal redkih) prejšnjih študij, da je povprečni samostojni izumitelj moški, star okrog petdeset let, s končano srednješolsko do višješolsko izobrazbo; vendar je populacija zelo raznolika in vanjo spadajo tako »prostočasni« izumitelji in upokojenci kot podjetniki in tudi nekateri raziskovalci, poleg tega se delež žensk med izumitelji povečuje. Avtorica nato preverja hipotezo, da delež in število samostojnih inovatorjev v sodobnosti vse bolj upadata, pri čemer analizira podatke iz treh patentnih baz. Hipoteza se večinoma potrdi. Ker avtorica zagovarja tezo, da ključni vzrok tega upadanja ni le vse večja kompleksnost tehnologije, ki je posameznik (samostojni izumitelj) ne obvladuje več, temveč drage mednarodne patentne prijave, h katerim so zaradi globalizacije prijavitelji patentov vse bolj prisiljeni, skuša nadalje ugotoviti, ali se patenti posameznikov po svoji kvaliteti (vplivnosti, pomembnosti) še vedno lahko primerjajo s patenti gospodarskih družb. Tega se ji sicer na podlagi uveljavljenih meril, kot so prejeti citati patentov, ne posreči dokazati, vendar pa ugotavlja, da hkrati tudi ni mogoče dokazati nasprotnega, in sicer, da so patenti posameznikov manj radikalni in prebojni od patentov družb. Hkrati pa je mogoče popolnoma jasno pokazati, da je pogostost patentnih prijav povezana s stroški patentiranja in s tem s prijaviteljevo premožnostjo. V zaključku so predvideni različni možni scenariji prihodnosti neodvisnih izumiteljev. Možno je njihovo popolno izginotje, prav tako pa obstajajo možnosti preoblikovanja patentnega sistema in večjega povezovanja posameznikov v skupine oziroma kooperative, ki bi tako lahko konkurirale velikim gospodarskim družbam, ki si vse bolj prilaščajo tako materialni kot duhovni svet. This thesis explores a particular group of inventors, namely independent inventors (sometimes also referred to as “lone” or "free" inventors). At present the group is unduly overlooked in the social sciences and almost completely ignored in the innovation policy of many countries. Firstly, the author attempts to define the group in detail and demonstrates that the group has specific features that distinguish it from other groups of inventors who could also be referred to as institutional or corporate inventors. A brief survey on a sample of Slovenian independent inventors confirms the findings from the (unfortunately scarce) previous studies that an average independent inventor is male, fifty years old and has graduated from secondary school or college. However, the population is very diverse and also includes “hobbyist” inventors and retirees as well as entrepreneurs and even researchers. In addition, the proportion of women inventors is on the rise. Secondly, the author examines the hypothesis that the proportion and number of independent inventors in the contemporary world are decreasing. For the most part, an analysis of data from three patent databases confirms the hypothesis. The author argues that a key cause of this decline is not only increasing complexity of technology, which an individual (independent inventor) cannot control anymore, but that expensive international patent applications, to which patent applicants are increasingly forced because of globalization, might be key to understanding the problem as well. She further attempts to find whether the patents of individuals can still compare (in terms of their quality or influence and importance) with the patents of companies. On the basis of established criteria such as patent citations she was unable to confirm this hypothesis, although on the other hand she also shows that the opposite cannot be substantiated, namely that patents from individuals are less radical and breakthrough than patents from companies. At the same time it can be shown very clearly that the frequency of patent applications is related to the costs of patenting and therefore to the wealth of the applicant in question. The conclusion provides some possible future scenarios of independent inventors. Although independent inventors may completely disappear in the near future, the patent system could also be transformed or the greater integration of individuals into groups or cooperatives that can compete with large corporations which increasingly occupy both the material and intellectual world could also be achieved. globalizacija trg intelektualna lastnina inovatorji izumi globalization intellectual property rights independent inventors true true false [A. Hafner] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Doktorsko delo/naloga 2021-07-28 13:11:47 2021-07-28 13:11:47 2024-06-12 16:58:11 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2014 0 Nova Gorica 2014 Nova Gorica 153 str., [10] str. pril. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 001.894/.895:347.77/.78(043.2) 1024616001 RAZ_Hafner_Ana_i2014.pdf RAZ_Hafner_Ana_i2014.pdf 1 70D11599A97305F04F9E2AB6419382BF 617459f64db32abd77b1ea93c416556c8b970ebfd8fed348b1c854ccd496de95 f6e591ae-2898-11ef-9c9e-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=8437 Fakulteta za uporabne družbene študije 0 0 0