20.500.12556/ReVIS-13979 Učinek telesne dejavnosti v nosečnosti na zaplete v nosečnosti, način poroda in poporodne izide pri novorojenčku The effect of maternal physical activity on pregnancy complications, mode of delivery and postnatal outcomes in newborns Izhodišča: Nosečnost je obdobje v življenju ženske, v katerem se odvije veliko izrazitih telesnih in duševnih sprememb, vse z namenom prilagoditi telo na nosečnost ter ga pripraviti na porod. Te spremembe lahko za telo nosečnice predstavljajo obremenitev in vodijo v morebitne zaplete. V sodobnih študijah se vse več prostora namenja nosečnicam in raziskovanju dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na življenjski slog in posledično na čim bolj ugodno prilagoditev telesa na nosečnost, ugodnejši potek poroda ter boljše izide pri novorojencu. Telesna dejavnost zavzema na tem področju pomembno, osrednje mesto. Namen magistrskega dela je bil proučiti vpliv redne telesne dejavnosti nosečnic na potek nosečnosti, pojavnost zapletov, način poroda in pojav morebitnih porodnih poškodb ter na neonatalne izide po porodu. Metode: Izvedena je bila retrospektivna študija podatkov iz Perinatalnega informacijskega sistema Republike Slovenije za obdobje med letoma 2019 in 2022. V analizo je bilo vključenih 89.231 enoplodnih nosečnosti. Iz študije so bile izključene ženske s kroničnimi boleznimi in ženske z diagnosticirano debelostjo (ITM ? 30 kg/m2). Nosečnice so bile razdeljene v dve skupini: na telesno nedejavne nosečnice in na nosečnice, ki so se ob samooceni opredelile kot vsaj dvakrat tedensko telesno dejavne skozi celotno nosečnost. Za analizo podatkov sta bila uporabljeni deskriptivna statistika in hi-kvadrat test za preverjanje statistično značilnih povezav med redno TD in izbranimi spremenljivkami. Rezultati: Prikazali smo, da je redna telesna dejavnost med nosečnostjo statistično značilno povezana z nižjo pojavnostjo zapletov, kot so preeklampsija, gestacijska hipertenzija, gestacijska sladkorna bolezen, zdravljena z inzulinom, epiziotomija med vaginalnim porodom in tveganje za carski rez. Poleg tega so imele redno telesno dejavne nosečnice statistično nižjo pojavnost prezgodnjega poroda. Telesna dejavnost je prispevala tudi k ustreznejšemu prirastu telesne mase nosečnice. Učinek je bil viden tudi pri novorojencih. Novorojenci mater, ki so bile med nosečnostjo redno telesno dejavne, so bili pogosteje donošeni, imeli višjo Apgarjevo oceno po prvih petih minutah po rojstvu in ustreznejšo telesno težo glede na gestacijsko starost. Pri izidih, kot sta pojavnost gestacijske sladkorne bolezni, ki za zdravljenje ne potrebuje inzulina, in prisotnost simptomov urinske inkontinence, statistično značilne povezave nismo zaznali, kljub zaznanim trendom iz tuje literature. Razprava: Rezultati potrjujejo zaščitno vlogo redne telesne dejavnosti v nosečnosti in njene pozitivne učinke na nižjo pojavnost zapletov, način poroda, pojav porodnih poškodb ter na neonatalne izide po porodu. Naši in tuji rezultati spodbujajo vključevanje nadzorovane in individualizirane redne telesne dejavnosti v rutinsko nosečniško svetovanje. Ob tem spodbujajo tudi nadaljnje raziskovanje v smeri natančnejše opredelitve vrste telesne dejavnosti, njene intenzitete in trajanja posamezne vadbene enote, z namenom oblikovanja natančnejših priporočil in smernic. Nadaljnje raziskovanje je smiselno tudi na področju skupin nosečnic, ki so v študijah pogosto spregledane oziroma izključene. Background: Pregnancy represents a physiologically and psychologically demanding period in a woman’s life, accompanied not only by significant bodily changes but also by emotional and social challenges. These changes may influence maternal health, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal well-being. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed towards the role of lifestyle factors during pregnancy, with regular physical activity recognised as an important preventive and supportive measure. The aim of this master’s thesis was to examine the association between regular physical activity during pregnancy and the occurrence of pregnancy complications, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes using data from the national Perinatal Information System of the Republic of Slovenia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Perinatal Information System of the Republic of Slovenia for the period 2019–2022. The study included 89,231 singleton pregnancie. Women with chronic diseases and pathological obesity were excluded. Participants were categorised according to the presence of regular physical activity, defined as exercise at least twice per week. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used to assess statistically significant associations between physical activity and selected outcomes. Results: Regular physical activity was significantly associated with a lower incidence of pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, insulin-treated gestational diabetes, episiotomy, and caesarean section. Physically active pregnant women also had a lower incidence of preterm birth and were more likely to achieve appropriate gestational weight gain. Their newborns were more frequently born at term, had higher Apgar scores at five minutes, and were more likely to have an appropriate birth weight for gestational age. For certain outcomes, such as gestational diabetes not requiring insulin therapy and urinary incontinence, no statistically significant association was observed, although trends favoured physically active women. Discussion: The findings confirm the protective effect of regular physical activity during pregnancy on important maternal and neonatal outcomes. The results support the integration of physical activity into routine prenatal care as a safe and effective preventive strategy. At the same time, they highlight the need for further research, particularly regarding the optimal type, intensity, and timing of physical activity, as well as outcomes for which the effects were less pronounced. redna telesna dejavnost zapleti med nosečnostjo način poroda neonatalni izidi potek nosečnosti regular physical activity pregnancy complications mode of delivery neonatal outcomes course of pregnancy true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2026-06-03 09:16:37 2026-06-03 09:16:38 2026-06-04 03:14:23 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 25031 4373$$sejla_heljezovic_cuskic_magistrsko_delo_(05.04.2026).pdf 4373$$sejla_heljezovic_cuskic_magistrsko_delo_(05.04.2026).pdf 1 EDDBF29AAB9C8BE8214A78376723935A 37331e84aa685d3893257d9a83e4f1df55662f19e2fcf0a7a639f2160059bbb1 297028e0-5f1c-11f1-9215-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=16945 Univerza v Novem mestu - Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede 0 0 0