20.500.12556/ReVIS-14025 Vpliv okoljskih dejavnikov na razvoj astme in kronične obstruktivne pljučne bolezni diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študijskega programa prve bolonjske stopnje Zdravstvena nega Teoretična izhodišča: Astma in kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen (KOPB) sta pogosti kronični bolezni dihal, ki pomembno zmanjšujeta kakovost življenja. KOPB je tretji najpogostejši vzrok smrti na svetu in vključuje kronični bronhitis ter emfizem. Zanjo so značilni kašelj s sluzjo, težko dihanje in piskanje v pljučih, glavni povzročitelji pa so kajenje, kemikalije in onesnažen zrak. Astma je kronično vnetje dihalnih poti, ki ga sprožijo alergeni, okužbe, stres in onesnaženost, z značilnimi simptomi, kot so kašelj in oteženo dihanje. Metode: V raziskavi smo preučevali vpliv okoljskih dejavnikov, starosti in telesne aktivnosti na simptome astme in KOPB. V teoretičnem delu smo pregledali strokovno literaturo, v empiričnem pa izvedli anketo s 40 udeleženci različnih starosti in okolij. Rezultati so pokazali, da starejši pogosteje doživljajo simptome, kar potrjuje napredovanje bolezni, medtem ko telesna aktivnost pomembno pripomore k zmanjšanju težav in redkejšim obiskom zdravnika. Rezultati: V okviru diplomskega dela smo prebrali in podrobneje pregledali 10 znanstvenih člankov, 20 slovenskih strokovnih virov, 18 tujih strokovnih virov ter ostalo strokovno literaturo. Ugotovitve smo predstavili opisno v poglavju o rezultatih. Razprava: Blagi simptomi so bili najpogostejši v mestih, kar lahko kaže na boljšo dostopnost do zdravstvene oskrbe. Zmerni simptomi so prevladovali na podeželju in predmestju, kjer je dostop do zdravstva pogosto slabši. Presenetljivo so največ poslabšanj navajali upokojenci in brezposelni, kar kaže na vpliv starosti, socialne izolacije ter slabše dostopnosti do zdravil in terapije. Na podlagi ugotovitev smo oblikovali priporočila za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja bolnikov z astmo in KOPB, s poudarkom na preventivi, redni telesni aktivnosti in pravočasnem zdravljenju. Theoretical Framework: Astma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widespread chronic respiratory conditions that substantially reduce quality of life. COPD, the third leading cause of death worldwide, encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema and is characterized by cough with mucus, dyspnea, and wheezing. Major risk factors include smoking, exposure to chemicals and air pollution. Astma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, triggered by allergens, infections, stress and pollutants and presents with cough and breathing difficulties. Methods: The study explored the impact environmental factors, age and physical activity on asthma and COPD symptoms. The theoretical component involved a review of scientific and professional literature, while the empirical part was based on a survey of 40 participants from diverse age groups and residential environments. Results: Analysis of 10 scientific articles, 20 Slovenian sources, 18 international references and other literature demonstrated clear trends. Older participants reported more frequent symptoms, confirming disease progression. Conversely, regular physical activity was associated with reduced respiratory difficulties and fewer medical visits. Discusion: Mild symptoms were most common in urban areas, likely reflecting better healthcare access. Moderate symptoms predominated in rural and suburban areas, where healthcare availability is often limited. Retirees and unemployed participants reported the highest frequency of exacerbations, suggesting the influence of aging, social isolation and reduced access to medication and therapy. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of prevention, timely treatment and regular physical activity in improving the quality of life of patients with asthma and COPD. Recommendations focus on enhancing awareness, reducing environmental risks and ensuring equitable access to healthcare services. astma kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen okoljski dejavniki obstruktivne pljučne bolezni kronične pljučne bolezni asthma chronic obstructive pulmonary disease environmental factors obstructive pulmonary diseases chronic pulmonary diseases true false false N. Hochegger Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-06-11 15:29:27 2026-06-11 15:29:27 2026-06-12 03:09:24 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2025 0 Maribor 2025 Maribor 40 str., [4] f. pril. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 616.24-036.12:504(043.2) 281346307 Hochegger_Nina_dd_2025.pdf Hochegger_Nina_dd_2025.pdf 1 3B20DD5C45B5DB1E07F9642E79F8913B 2cc15e7644dda301e4b8ae383f58fca695547005e547c82310f853cb585f7352 9c6c2e81-6599-11f1-9215-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=17003 Hochegger_Nina_dd_2025.pdf Hochegger_Nina_dd_2025.pdf 1 a017648e-6599-11f1-9215-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=17004 Univerza Alma Mater Europaea 0 0 0