20.500.12556/ReVIS-14316 ZDRAVSTVENA NEGA PACIENTA PO PODKOLENSKI AMPUTACIJI NOGE NURSING CARE OF A PATIENT AFTER BELOW - KNEE AMPUTATION Teoretična izhodišča: Podkolenska amputacija predstavlja pomemben kirurški poseg, ki bistveno vpliva na pacientovo fizično, psihološko in socialno življenje. Najpogostejši vzroki za podkolensko amputacijo so periferna arterijska bolezen, sladkorna bolezen, kronične okužbe ter travmatske poškodbe. Po amputaciji se pogosto pojavijo različni zapleti, kot so okužbe kirurškega mesta, motnje celjenja rane, fantomska bolečina, bolečina krna in psihološke težave, ki pomembno vplivajo na rehabilitacijo in kakovost življenja pacienta. Ključen del obravnave predstavlja zdravstvena nega, ki vključuje spremljanje vitalnih funkcij, preprečevanje zapletov, nego kirurške rane, obvladovanje bolečine, zgodnjo mobilizacijo ter psihosocialno podporo pacientu in njegovim svojcem. Pri rehabilitaciji in pripravi pacienta na uporabo proteze ima pomembno vlogo tudi medicinska sestra, saj s kontinuirano edukacijo, podporo in koordinacijo multidisciplinarnega tima pomembno prispeva k večji samostojnosti in uspešnejšemu okrevanju pacienta. Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti zdravstveno nego pacienta po podkolenski amputaciji ter opredeliti ključne intervencije zdravstvene nege, možne zaplete in vlogo medicinske sestre pri rehabilitaciji in pripravi pacienta na uporabo proteze. Metoda: Uporabljen je bil kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop z deskriptivno metodo dela in sistematičnim pregledom strokovne ter znanstvene literature. Literatura je bila pridobljena iz podatkovnih baz PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL in Google Učenjak. Vključena so bila prosto dostopna besedila v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, objavljena v letih od 2015 do 2025. Uporabljene ključne besede so bile: »amputacija«, »zdravstvena nega«, »medicinska sestra«, »rehabilitacija« in »psihosocialna podpora« ter angleške ustreznice »amputation«, »nursing care«, »nurse«, »rehabilitation« in »psychosocial support«. Pri iskanju literature so bili uporabljeni Boolovi operatorji AND/OR. Po pregledu naslovov, povzetkov in celotnih besedil ter upoštevanju vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev je bilo v končno analizo vključenih štirinajst enot literature. Postopek izbora literature je bil prikazan s PRIZMA-diagramom. Rezultati: Analiza izbrane literature je pokazala, da sta najpogostejša vzroka za podkolensko amputacijo sladkorna bolezen in periferna arterijska bolezen, pogosto v povezavi z okužbami in kroničnimi razjedami. Med najpogostejšimi zapleti po amputaciji so okužbe kirurškega mesta, motnje celjenja rane, fantomska bolečina, bolečina krna ter venska trombembolija. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da zgodnja rehabilitacija, fizioterapija, ustrezna priprava krna in uporaba proteze pomembno vplivajo na funkcionalni izid in kakovost življenja pacientov. Ključne intervencije zdravstvene nege vključujejo spremljanje vitalnih funkcij, preprečevanje zapletov, oskrbo kirurške rane, zgodnjo mobilizacijo, lajšanje bolečine, edukacijo pacienta in svojcev ter psihosocialno podporo. Medicinska sestra ima pomembno vlogo pri koordinaciji rehabilitacije, spremljanju pacientovega napredka in pripravi na uporabo proteze. Razprava: Učinkovita obravnava pacienta po podkolenski amputaciji zahteva celosten in multidisciplinaren pristop, pri katerem ima medicinska sestra ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju varne in kontinuirane zdravstvene oskrbe. Zgodnje prepoznavanje zapletov, ustrezna nega krna, učinkovito obvladovanje bolečine ter pravočasna rehabilitacija pomembno vplivajo na zmanjšanje zapletov in izboljšanje funkcionalnega okrevanja. Pomemben del zdravstvene obravnave predstavlja tudi psihosocialna podpora, saj se pacienti pogosto spopadajo z depresijo, anksioznostjo in zmanjšano kakovostjo življenja. Ugotovitve raziskave poudarjajo pomen kontinuirane edukacije, multidisciplinarnega sodelovanja in aktivne vloge medicinske sestre pri rehabilitaciji ter pripravi pacienta na samostojno življenje po amputaciji. Introduction: Below – knee amputation is a major surgical procedure that significantly affects the patient's physical, psychological, and social life. The most common causes of below-knee amputation are peripheral arterial disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic infections, and traumatic injuries. Various complications frequently occur after amputation, including surgical site infections, impaired wound healing, phantom limb pain, stump pain, and psychological problems, all of which significantly affect rehabilitation and the patient’s quality of life. A key part of patient management is nursing care, which includes monitoring vital signs, preventing complications, wound care, pain management, early mobilization, and psychosocial support for both the patient and their family members. Nurses also play an important role in rehabilitation and preparing patients for prosthesis use through continuous education, support, and coordination within the multidisciplinary team, thereby contributing to greater independence and more successful recovery. The aim of the diploma thesis is to present nursing care of the patient after below-knee amputation and to define the key nursing interventions, possible complications, and the role of the nurse in rehabilitation and preparation of the patient for prosthesis use. Method: A qualitative research approach with a descriptive method and a systematic review of scientific and professional literature was used. Literature was obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases. Open-access publications in Slovenian and English published between 2015 and 2025 were included. The following keywords were used: »amputation«, »nursing care«, »nurse«, »rehabilitation« and »psychosocial support«. Boolean operators AND/OR were used during the literature search. After reviewing titles, abstracts, and full texts, and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 literature sources were included in the final analysis. The literature selection process was presented using a PRISMA diagram. Results: The analysis of the selected literature showed that the most common causes of below-knee amputation are diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease, often associated with infections and chronic ulcers. The most common postoperative complications include surgical site infections, impaired wound healing, phantom limb pain, stump pain, and venous thromboembolism. The findings demonstrated that early rehabilitation, physiotherapy, appropriate stump preparation, and prosthesis use significantly improve functional outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Key nursing interventions include monitoring vital signs, preventing complications, surgical wound care, early mobilization, pain management, patient and family education, and psychosocial support. Nurses also play an important role in coordinating rehabilitation, monitoring patient progress, and preparing patients for prosthesis use. Discussion: Effective management of patients after below-knee amputation requires a holistic and multidisciplinary approach, in which nurses play a key role in ensuring safe and continuous healthcare. Early recognition of complications, appropriate stump care, effective pain management, and timely rehabilitation significantly contribute to reducing complications and improving functional recovery. Psychosocial support is also an important part of patient care, as patients often experience depression, anxiety, and reduced quality of life. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous education, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the active role of nurses in rehabilitation and preparing patients for independent living after amputation. amputacija zdravstvena nega medicinska sestra rehabilitacija psihosocialna podpora. amputation nursing care nurse rehabilitation psychosocial support. true false false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2026-07-18 18:14:51 2026-07-18 18:14:52 2026-07-19 03:11:10 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1970-01-01 25246 4442$$dip_miteva_anastasija.pdf 4442$$dip_miteva_anastasija.pdf 1 1F457A750D93F3C037D77B87994D53B5 3893717b218d79792b9a936efda5acbb234b7dba20ad6cd9d8d1ece5209642bb cefd5ddd-82c3-11f1-a19f-001a4af901a5 https://revis.openscience.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=17358 Univerza v Novem mestu - Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede 0 0 0