1. Collision Between Contractual Software Licenses and Mandatory European Union Law: Open-Source Models, Digital Regulation, and Harmonization of the Legislation of the Republic of SerbiaDejan Popov, 2026, ni določena Opis: “Collision of Contractual Software Licenses and Mandatory EU Law: Implications for Open-Source Models and Harmonization of the Legislation of the Republic of Serbia”
This master’s thesis examines the relationship between contractual freedom in software licensing and mandatory norms of European Union law. The research is based on a doctrinal approach and focuses on the analysis of EU directives, the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and a comparative overview of Serbian legislation.
The study focuses on key legal instruments, including Directive 2009/24/EC, and the Cyber Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2847), as well as the relevant case law. Particular attention is paid to the principle of exhaustion of distribution rights, the interoperability exception, and the compatibility of open-source licensing models with EU competition law.
The analysis highlights the challenges posed by modern software distribution models, particularly SaaS and subscription-based services, which challenge the traditional application of the exhaustion principle by replacing ownership with access-based use.
The findings indicate that contractual autonomy in software licensing is significantly limited by mandatory EU rules, particularly in the areas of exhaustion, interoperability, and reverse engineering. Additional constraints arise from new regulatory frameworks that impose requirements related to security, transparency, and risk management.
The comparative analysis indicates that, despite formal harmonization with EU law, the Serbian legal framework still contains significant gaps, particularly in the areas of interoperability, digital exhaustion, and enforcement of mandatory norms. These inconsistencies create legal uncertainty and practical challenges for Serbian IT companies operating in the European market.
The thesis concludes that further legislative and institutional alignment is necessary in order to ensure effective application of EU standards and greater legal certainty in the field of software licensing.
Ključne besede: Software licensing, European Union law, exhaustion of rights, interoperability, SaaS models, competition law, legal harmonization
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 30.06.2026; Ogledov: 136; Prenosov: 2
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2. Differentiated Integration and the Common Security and Defence Policy: Two Case Studies – MED7/MED9 and the Visegrad FourAnna Molnár, Anna Urbanovics, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The aim of this paper is to analyse the various forms of differentiated integration and to map the geopolitical intentions of two clearly identified groups of European Union Member States: those in Southern Europe (MED7 and MED9) and those in Central and Eastern Europe (the Visegrad Group), within the framework of permanent structured cooperation (PESCO). In the literature, differentiated integration is described in several ways. Terms such as core Europe, Europe à la carte, two-speed Europe or multi-speed Europe, enhanced cooperation, and variable geometry integration are commonly used. Although these terms are often treated as synonyms, these expressions refer to distinct forms of differentiated integration. This study focuses on two case studies of regional groupings within the EU. The central research question is how PESCO can facilitate differentiated integration in these subregional forms of cooperation and what types of differentiated integration emerge as a result. This paper does not assess the effectiveness of PESCO itself but instead examines statistical data concerning membership and leadership roles held by Member States. The research is based on official statements and publications relating to Member State collaboration, EU documents, and data published on the official PESCO website.
Ključne besede: European Union, differentiated integration, PESCO, Visegrad 4, MED7 and MED9
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 09.06.2026; Ogledov: 151; Prenosov: 3
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3. The communitarization of the European Unionʼs defence policyKatarina Vatovec, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper argues that incremental steps, beginning with the institutional set-up framed by the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, through the adoption of the EU Global Strategy in 2016, to recent policy initiatives, endorsed mechanisms and their implementation in the field of defence, are paving the way towards its communitarization. The political will of Member States could be gradually generated through experience, through a number of policy initiatives and their successful implementation, and through the awareness of the contemporary geopolitical changes with traditional and new security threats. The process of communitarization is dependent on the Member Statesʼ political will, and could eventually lead towards building a European Defence Union.
Ključne besede: defence policy, European Union, communitarization
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 21.05.2026; Ogledov: 232; Prenosov: 6
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4. Media/Digital Literacy, Access to Information and European Democracy in the Light of Information and Communication Technology AdaptationAlenka Pandiloska Jurak, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: Access to information is strongly related to forming personal/social opinions, one of the critical building blocks of democratic governance, while access to information is also crucially linked to media literacy, which affects the separation between quality, reliable information and misleading information. In the dissemination of information and communication with state authorities and other stakeholders, the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is also essential. However, the availability and usage of those technologies differ among the EU macro-regions. This article shows the foundations of adopting ICT technologies in European macro-regions. It reviews data on how many people do not use a computer and how much they use ICT to communicate with public authorities. The data used in the research covers the years between 2008 and 2021, with which we will try to determine if there are changes in this topic.
Ključne besede: Technology adaptation, ICT, macro-regions, European Union, democracy
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 03.04.2026; Ogledov: 409; Prenosov: 14
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5. Industry 5.0 in EU macro-regional policies : past, present and futureAlenka Pandiloska Jurak, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: The Industry 5.0 approach to the industry is to contribute to three of the Commission’s priorities: “An economy that works for people”, “European Green Deal”, and “Europe fit for the digital age”. One of the possibilities for implementing the approach is through Macro-regional Strategies and Interreg, an interregional cooperation programme, cofunded by the European Union. The beneficiaries of the programme are not only the EU member states that are part of the regions, but also regions from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, North
Macedonia, Norway, Serbia, Switzerland, and Ukraine, which represents an essential spillover effect. This paper aims to present the integration of the Industry 5.0 strategy into macro-regional strategies and how it is
already reflected in EU macro-regional strategies today. In doing so, we will also demonstrate opportunities for future macro-regional strategies to upgrade them or introduce elements of Industry 5.0 into macro-regional
development.
Ključne besede: Industry 5.0, macro-regional strategies, interreg programmes, European Union
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 26.03.2026; Ogledov: 357; Prenosov: 5
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6. How to overcome the legitimacy crisis of European democracy?Matevž Tomšič, 2026, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: Sustainable development of democracy in Europe cannot be taken for granted. We witness tendencies, both external and internal, that are detrimental to democratic political life. The main issue of the chapter thematises the possibilities for strengthening democratic legitimacy and enhancing problem-solving capacity in the EU. It analyses key deficiencies in the functioning of European democracy that need to be tackled. The first deficiency is a lack of leadership, where political decision-makers often lack the vision, wisdom, and courage to face the challenges of the current historical moment. This is coupled with insufficient problem-solving capacity, characterised by poor coordination and low efficiency (despite sufficient material and intellectual resources). This is related to the rise in political distrust of the citizenry toward political and other elites at both the national and EU levels, which is associated with the rise of Euroscepticism. One should also add a relatively weak awareness of a common European identity, not only among ordinary citizens but also among elites. The author claims that political and other elites bear the bulk of responsibility for the legitimacy crisis in Europe.
Ključne besede: democracy, European Union, legitimacy, leadership
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 26.03.2026; Ogledov: 491; Prenosov: 4
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7. The charter of fundamental rights of the European Union as an instrument of judicial EuropeanisationKatarina Vatovec, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: the article examines whether and how the charter of Fun-damental rights of the European Union, as an autonomous source of EU primary law, can function as an instrument ofjudicial Europeanisation at the national level. Although the charter became legally binding with the entry into force of the Lisbon treaty, its effects on national—particularly consti-tutional—courts remain relatively understudied. to address this gap, the article develops an analytical framework con-sisting of four dimensions—doctrinal, institutional, normative, and discursive—conceived as a model for empirical studiesof charter-driven judicial Europeanisation. the usefulness of this framework is tested through an analysis of two decisions of the slovenian constitutional court that engage with EU law and, in that context, with the charter. While the examina-tion of only two decisions does not permit even partial, let alone comprehensive, conclusions regarding the Europeani-sation of constitutional adjudication through the charter, the findings suggest that the charter can influence the reasoning of the slovenian constitutional court and that the proposed framework identifies the presence of four dimensions in both decisions analysed. the analytical framework thus helps to identify the possible pathways through which the charter may influence and co-shape constitutional adjudication.
Ključne besede: Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, judicial Europeanisation, constitutional court, Slovenia, case law
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 19.02.2026; Ogledov: 513; Prenosov: 4
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8. EU actorness in a mirror : the war in UkraineLiliana Brožič, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The EU’s objective, as clearly set out in the Strategic Compass for Security and Defence, is to be a global actor in a global world. How the EU actually pursues this objective is the focus of this paper. Being a global actor and having strategic autonomy is of paramount importance for the EU at a time when Ukraine is fighting for its territory occupied by Russia. A comparative analysis of EU activism was carried out between two time periods: from 2014, when Russia annexed Crimea, up to the military attack on Ukraine and after the military attack on Ukraine up to June 2023. The methodological approach used was that refined by Bretherton and Vogler; they tested the actorness of the EU using three criteria: presence, opportunity and capability. These were further tested and scored in the same way as Batzella – with a high, medium and low level of actorness scores for each criterion. The actorness of the EU in the field
of the CSDP was assessed using these research methods. The central theme was whether the EU should seek a peaceful solution for Ukraine and how this would affect its actorness.
Ključne besede: European Union, global actorness, strategic autonomy, common security and defence policy, strategic compass for security and defence, military capability, war in Ukraine, Russia
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 27.06.2025; Ogledov: 2306; Prenosov: 18
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9. Integral Pre-emption of EU Democracy in Economic Crisis under Transnational LawMatej Avbelj, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This article examines the challenges of transnational law for democracy in the European Union in times of economic crisis. The concept of democracy is fleshed out first. This is followed by a two-pronged study of the internal and external democracy-affecting processes, taken separately as well as jointly, and of their impact on democracy in the European Union. Finally, some normative proposals, embedded in the theory of legal pluralism, to improve the state of European Union democracy in the present unfavourable internal and transnational environment are offered in the conclusion
Ključne besede: European Union, democracy, economis crisis, transnational law, legal pluralism
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 26.06.2025; Ogledov: 1063; Prenosov: 4
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10. Rule of Law and the Economic Crisis in a Pluralist European UnionMatej Avbelj, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: By way of introduction to the special issue, the article’s objective is threefold. First, it conceptually re-examines the often assumed correlation between the rule of law and economy. Secondly, it situates this conceptual relationship in the present crisis-ridden context of the European Union as synthesized in the contributions to the special issue. By so doing, it demonstrates that due to the EU’s pluralist nature, the economic and rule of law crises have had very different faces and consequences in different member states. Despite that the article in conclusion nevertheless tries to identify the shared patterns of the crisis and, in the inevitable absence of a single way of improving the situation, proposes at least a common one.
Ključne besede: rule of law, economy, European Union, pluralism, liberalism
Objavljeno v ReVIS: 18.06.2025; Ogledov: 970; Prenosov: 3
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