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Title:PSIHOLOŠKA PODPORA PRI MULTIPLI SKLEROZI
Authors:ID Kos Belaj, Marjetka (Author)
ID Horvat Rauter, Barbara (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf 4090$$dn_kos_belaj_marjetka.pdf (1,15 MB)
MD5: 940FE603B92781E829919F6E018FC160
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Organization:UNM FZV - University of Novo mesto - Faculty of Health Sciences
Abstract:Izhodišča: Multipla skleroza je kronična avtoimunska bolezen osrednjega živčnega sistema, ki poleg telesnih simptomov pomembno vpliva tudi na duševno zdravje obolelih. Raziskave kažejo, da več kot polovica oseb z multiplo sklerozo dosega rezultat nad kliničnim pragom za psihološko ogroženost. Najpogostejše psihološke težave vključujejo depresijo, anksioznost, kronični stres, utrujenost in kognitivne motnje, ki pomembno vplivajo na kakovost življenja. Potrebe po celostni obravnavi kljub razpoložljivosti različnih oblik psihološke podpore ostajajo velike. Namen raziskave je bil z uporabo sistematičnega pregleda literature od leta 2015 do 2025 raziskati psihološko podporo pri multipli sklerozi. Cilji so bili ugotoviti najpogostejše psihološke težave pri osebah z multiplo sklerozo, raziskati najučinkovitejše oblike psihološke pomoči in preveriti dostopnost psihološke pomoči za osebe z multiplo sklerozo. Metode: Izvedli smo sistematični pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature v bibliografskih bazah: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science in PsycINFO, ki je zajemal obdobje od leta 2015 do 2025. Uporabljene so bile naslednje kombinacije ključnih iskalnih izrazov: »multipla skleroza«, »psihološke težave«, »duševno zdravje«, »psihološka podpora«, »psihoterapija«, »svetovanje«, »intervencije« in »potrebe« z Boolovimi operatorji AND in OR. Pregled je sprva zajemal 405 zadetkov, od katerih smo na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev izbrali 12 ključnih raziskav za podrobno analizo. Uporabili smo metodo vsebinske analize s tehniko kodiranja in kategoriziranje po glavnih temah. Rezultati: Analiza literature je pokazala, da se osebe z multiplo sklerozo najpogosteje spopadajo z depresijo (do 50 % bolnikov), anksioznostjo (22–40 % bolnikov), kroničnim stresom in kognitivnimi motnjami (do 65 % bolnikov). Med najučinkovitejšimi oblikami psihološke podpore so se izkazale kognitivno vedenjska terapija (srednji učinek na depresijo, g = 0,59), spletni psihološki ukrepi, programi čuječnosti in skupinska terapija. Socialna podpora družine, prijateljev in vrstnikov ter podpora specializiranih organizacij igrajo ključno vlogo pri izboljšanju kakovosti življenja. Razprava: Raziskave potrjujejo, da so najbolj učinkovite oblike psihološke podpore tiste, ki temeljijo na strukturiranih, dolgoročnih in prilagojenih terapijah. Kombinacija različnih pristopov, vključno s čuječnostjo, svetovanjem in kognitivno vedenjsko terapijo, vodi do subjektivno večje koristnosti. Multidisciplinarne obravnave z vključevanjem kliničnih psihologov, psihiatrov in specializiranih medicinskih sester kažejo največjo vrednost.
Keywords:multipla skleroza, psihološka podpora, depresija, kognitivno vedenjska terapija, kakovost življenja.
Year of publishing:2025
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-12620 New window
Publication date in ReVIS:30.11.2025
Views:112
Downloads:2
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Abstract:Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that significantly affects not only physical symptoms but also the mental health of patients. Research shows that more than half of people with MS score above the clinical threshold for psychological distress. The most common psychological problems include depression, anxiety, chronic stress, fatigue, and cognitive disorders, which significantly impact quality of life. Despite the availability of various forms of psychological support, the need for comprehensive care remains substantial. The purpose of this research was to investigate psychological support in multiple sclerosis from 2015 to 2025 using a systematic literature review. The objectives were to identify the most common psychological problems in people with MS, investigate the most effective forms of psychological help, and examine the availability of psychological support for people with MS. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of scientific and professional literature in the following bibliographic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. Combinations of the following key search terms were used: »multiple sclerosis«, »psychological problems«, »mental health«, »psychological support«, »psychotherapy«, »counselling«, »interventions« and »needs«, combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR. The initial review included 405 results, from which, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 key studies were selected for detailed analysis. Content analysis was conducted using coding and categorization techniques according to the main themes. Results: Literature analysis showed that people with MS most commonly face depression (up to 50% of patients), anxiety (22-40% of patients), chronic stress, and cognitive disorders (up to 65% of patients). The most effective forms of psychological support proved to be cognitive-behavioral therapy (medium effect on depression g=0.59), online psychological interventions, mindfulness programs, and group therapy. Social support from family, friends, and peers, as well as support from specialized organizations, play a crucial role in improving quality of life. Discussion: Research confirms that the most effective forms of psychological support are those based on structured, long-term, and tailored therapies. The combination of different approaches, including mindfulness, counseling, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, leads to subjectively greater benefits. Multidisciplinary treatments involving clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and specialized nurses show the greatest value.
Keywords:multiple sclerosis, psychological support, depression, cognitive-behavioral therapy, quality of life.


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