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Title:ZDRAVSTVENA NEGA PACIENTA Z BIPOLARNO MOTNJO - DEPRESIVNA EPIZODA
Authors:ID Cukor, Andraž (Author)
ID Pejić, Munira (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf 1416$$cukor_andraz_diplomska_naloga_pdf_a.pdf (1011,79 KB)
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Organization:UNM FZV - University of Novo mesto - Faculty of Health Sciences
Abstract:Teoretična izhodišča: Zdravstvena nega pri pacientih z bipolarno motnjo v depresivni epizodi zahteva celosten pristop, ki zajema fizično in psihično oskrbo. Medicinska sestra pacientu nudi podporo pri vsakodnevnih aktivnostih, saj se zaradi depresije lahko pojavi pomanjkanje energije in volje. Pomembno je spremljati pacientovo počutje in simptome ter opazovati morebitna tveganja za samomorilne misli. Prav tako se medicinska sestra osredotoča na vzpostavljanje rednih vzorcev spanja in prehranjevanja, saj so ti pogosto porušeni. Vloga zdravstvenih delavcev vključuje tudi edukacijo pacienta in njegovih bližnjih o bolezni, podporo pri zdravljenju z zdravili ter krepitev zaupanja in sodelovanja pri zdravljenju. Namen raziskave je proučiti vlogo zdravstvene nege pacienta z bipolarno motnjo – depresivno epizodo. Cilji raziskave so opisati značilnosti bipolarne motnje – depresivne epizode glede na potek bolezni, predstaviti zdravljenje te motnje in učinek medikamentozne terapije, predstaviti značilnosti posamezne temeljne življenjske aktivnosti pri pacientu z bipolarno motnjo – depresivno epizodo ter ugotoviti pomen in vlogo zdravstvene nege pri pacientu s to motnjo. Metode: V raziskavi sta uporabljena kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop in deskriptivna metoda dela. Na podlagi vnaprej pripravljene predloge z vprašanji smo izvedli polstrukturiran intervju, pri tem pa upoštevali vsa etična načela raziskovanja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo šest diplomiranih medicinskih sester/zdravstvenikov, ki se pri svojem delu srečujejo s pacienti z bipolarno motnjo – depresivno epizodo. Pridobljene podatke smo kvalitativno analizirali, odgovore razvrstili v tabele, zapisali kode ter jih interpretirali v razpravi in zaključku. Rezultati: Raziskava je pokazala, da medicinske sestre najpogosteje opisujejo depresivno epizodo bipolarne motnje kot obdobje globoke žalosti, izgube zanimanja za dejavnosti, utrujenosti in občutka brezupa. Zdravljenje običajno vključuje kombinacijo stabilizatorjev razpoloženja, antidepresivov in psihoterapije, ob tem pa so pomembne nefarmakološke oblike podpore, kot so terapevtske dejavnosti in svetovanje. Pri temeljnih življenjskih aktivnostih so značilne težave s spanjem, hranjenjem, osebno nego in ohranjanjem socialnih stikov. Zdravstvena nega ima pri obravnavi teh pacientov pomembno vlogo, saj medicinske sestre spremljajo simptome, podpirajo pacienta pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih, prepoznavajo poslabšanja stanja in nudijo čustveno podporo. Razprava: Vloga medicinskih sester je zelo pomembna pri obravnavi pacientov z bipolarno motnjo v depresivni epizodi. Zdravljenje mora biti celostno ter mora vsebovati farmakološke in nefarmakološke pristope, pri čemer je pomembno zgodnje prepoznavanje simptomov, kot so utrujenost, motnje spanja in občutek brezupa. Medicinske sestre igrajo osrednjo vlogo pri spremljanju stanja pacienta in prilagajanju nege glede na posameznikove potrebe, saj so pogosto prve, ki zaznajo poslabšanja. Prav tako je bistvena vloga podpore s strani svojcev in zdravstvenih delavcev, saj so pacienti v depresivni epizodi nagnjeni k osamljenosti in težavam pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih. Individualiziran pristop k zdravstveni negi, ki vključuje tako pacienta kot njegove svojce, je pomemben za uspešno obvladovanje bolezni. Sodelovanje različnih strok in stalno izobraževanje zdravstvenega osebja ostajata osnovna dejavnika za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja teh pacientov.
Keywords:zdravstvena nega, pacient, bipolarna motnja, depresivna epizoda, medicinska sestra
Year of publishing:2024
Publication date in ReVIS:14.11.2024
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:HEALTH CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER - A DEPRESSIVE EPISODE
Abstract:Introduction: Nursing care for patients with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode requires a holistic approach that includes both physical and mental care. The nurse supports the patient in daily activities, as depression can cause a lack of energy and motivation. It is important to monitor the patient's well-being and symptoms, and watch for potential risks of suicidal thoughts. The nurse also focuses on establishing regular sleep and eating patterns, as these are often disrupted. The role of healthcare workers also includes educating the patient and their family about the illness, supporting medication treatment, and building trust and cooperation in the treatment process. The aim of the research is to examine the role of nursing care for a patient with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode. The research goals are to describe the characteristics of bipolar disorder – depressive episode in terms of the course of the illness, present the treatment of bipolar disorder – depressive episode and the effects of medication therapy, present the characteristics of basic life activities in patients with bipolar disorder – depressive episode, and determine the importance and role of nursing care in such patients. Methods: The research used a qualitative approach and a descriptive method. We conducted a semi-structured interview based on a prepared set of questions, following all ethical principles of research. Six registered nurses/healthcare professionals, who work with patients with bipolar disorder – depressive episode, participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively, answers were organized into tables, codes were written, and the findings were interpreted in the discussion and conclusion. Results: The research showed that nurses most often describe a depressive episode of bipolar disorder as a period of deep sadness, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, and feelings of hopelessness. Treatment usually includes a combination of mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and psychotherapy, with important non-pharmacological support such as therapeutic activities and counseling. Common issues with basic daily activities include problems with sleep, eating, personal hygiene, and maintaining social connections. Nursing care plays an important role in treating these patients, as nurses monitor symptoms, support the patient in daily activities, recognize worsening conditions, and provide emotional support. Discussion: The role of nurses is crucial in the care of patients with bipolar disorder during a depressive episode. Treatment must be comprehensive, including both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, with early recognition of symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, and feelings of hopelessness being important. Nurses play a central role in monitoring the patient’s condition and adjusting care based on individual needs, as they are often the first to notice any deterioration. Support from family members and healthcare workers are also essential, as patients in a depressive episode are prone to loneliness and difficulties with daily activities. An individualized approach to nursing care that involves both the patient and their family is important to successfully managing the illness. Collaboration among various professionals and continuous education of healthcare staff are crucial factors for improving the quality of life for these patients.
Keywords:healthcare, patient, bipolar disorder, depressive episode, nurse


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