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Title:Preventivne strategije za poškodbe gležnja pri košarkarjih
Authors:ID Hlebec, Maša (Author)
ID Bračun, Špela (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf 2630$$masa_hlebec_pdfa.pdf (738,67 KB)
MD5: D575319508CD027A84354B81C3F2B11F
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Organization:FIZIOTERAPEVTIKA - PHYSIOTHERAPEUTICA
Abstract:Gleženj povezuje spodnji del noge s stopalom in med hojo omogoča stabilno gibanje ter prenos sil. Obraba sklepa razen ob predhodnih poškodbah ni pogosta. Sklepu omogočajo stabilnost dinamični in pasivni stabilizatorji. Košarko uvrščamo med športe z najvišjo incidenco poškodb gležnja, kjer prevladujejo zvini. Najpogosteje pride do lateralnega zvina, sledita mu visoki in medialni zvin gležnja. Glede na poškodbo ligamentov zvin uvrstimo v eno izmed treh stopenj. Od stopnje in mehanizma poškodbe, ki je v košarki največkrat pristanek ali sprememba smeri, je odvisen potek celostne fizioterapevtske obravnave. Klinično diagnozo zvina gležnja postavimo s pomočjo temeljitega pregleda, ki vključuje anamnezo, inspekcijo, palpacijo, testiranje gibljivosti in mišične moči ter specifične teste. Ottawa pravila uporabimo za odločitev o radiološki diagnostiki, s katero potrdimo ali izključimo morebitne zlome. Cilj fizioterapevtske obravnave je zmanjšati bolečino in oteklino, zaščititi poškodovano tkivo pred nadaljnjimi poškodbami, pospešiti celjenje z optimalnim obremenjevanjem, izboljšati gibljivost, predvsem dorzalno fleksijo in funkcijo sklepa, ter preprečiti ponovne poškodbe. Preventivo lahko dosežemo z vajami za moč, ustreznim ogrevanjem, živčno-mišično vadbo in s pomočjo stabilizacijskih pripomočkov. Pred povratkom igralca v trenažni proces je pomembno, da opravimo funkcionalne teste, saj omogočajo celostno presojo o stabilnosti, moči in ravnotežju gležnja. Na podlagi analize raziskav smo ugotovili, da so pri preventivi poškodb gležnja košarkarja najučinkovitejši večkomponentni vadbeni programi, ki vključujejo vaje za ravnotežje, moč, agilnost, pliometrijo in propriocepcijo. Živčno-mišično ogrevanje ter stabilizacijski treningi po skoku zmanjšajo pojavnost zvinov in izboljšajo funkcijo gležnja. Suho iglanje kot dopolnilna metoda pozitivno vpliva na mišično aktivacijo, vendar je učinek kratkoročen. Pasivnih metod lepljenja z neelastičnim trakom kot samostojne preventive ne priporočamo. Ključni so strukturirani, progresivni in individualno prilagojeni programi, ki celostno izboljšajo telesno zmogljivost in zmanjšajo tveganje za poškodbe.
Keywords:Fizioterapija, poškodbe gležnja, košarka, preventiva.
Year of publishing:2025
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-12600 New window
Publication date in ReVIS:25.11.2025
Views:28
Downloads:0
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Preventive strategies for ankle injuries in basketball players
Abstract:The ankle connects the lower leg to the foot and enables stable movement and the transfer of forces during walking. It is typically resistant to wear, except in cases of previous injuries. Stability is provided by both dynamic and passive stabilizers. Basketball is considered one of the sports with the highest incidence of ankle injuries, with sprains being the most common. Lateral sprains are the most frequent, followed by high and medial sprains. Depending on the severity of ligament damage, sprains are categorized into three stages. The course of comprehensive physiotherapy treatment depends on the degree of injury and the mechanism of injury, which in basketball is most often landing or a change of direction. The clinical diagnosis of an ankle sprain is made through a thorough examination, which includes taking the medical history, inspection, palpation, testing of range of motion and muscle strength, and specific tests. If necessary, the Ottawa rules are used to decide whether radiological diagnostics are needed to confirm or rule out possible fractures. The goal of physiotherapy treatment is to reduce pain and swelling, protect the injured tissue from further damage, promote healing through optimal loading, improve range of motion (especially dorsal flexion), restore joint function, and prevent re-injury. Prevention can be achieved through strength exercises, proper warm-up, neuromuscular training, and stabilization aids. Before returning to training, it is important to perform functional tests, as they provide a comprehensive assessment of ankle stability, strength, and balance. Based on the analysis of studies, we found that the most effective preventive programs for ankle injuries in basketball players are multi-component training programs, including exercises for balance, strength, agility, plyometrics, and proprioception. Neuromuscular warm-up and stabilization training after jumping reduce the incidence of sprains and improve ankle function. Dry needling, as a complementary technique, has a positive effect on muscle activation, though its benefits are temporary. Passive methods such as taping with non-elastic tape as a stand-alone preventive measure are not recommended. The key to prevention is structured, progressive, and individually tailored programs that holistically improve physical performance and reduce the risk of injury.
Keywords:Physical therapy, ankle injuries, basketball, prevention.


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