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Title:LAJŠANJE SIMPTOMOV PRI IZVAJANJU ZDRAVSTVENE NEGE PACIENTA V PALIATIVNI OSKRBI
Authors:ID Štrkić, Laura (Author)
ID Leskovic, Ljiljana (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf DIP_Strkic_Laura_2025.pdf (1,86 MB)
MD5: 688146625488C6A53915D94BD7FD5F48
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:UNM FZV - University of Novo mesto - Faculty of Health Sciences
Abstract:Izhodišče: Paliativna oskrba je obsežno področje zdravstvene nege, ki zahteva poglobljeno znanje in številne spretnosti ter zajema celosten pristop pacienta, pri katerem imajo zdravstveni delavci ključno vlogo. Zaradi zahtevnosti oskrbe pogosto prihaja do pomanjkanja znanja, kar lahko otežuje učinkovito lajšanje simptomov. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti, kako izboljšati lajšanje simptomov pri zdravstveni negi paliativnih bolnikov. Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativni raziskovalni pristop z deskriptivno metodo dela. Zbiranje primarnih podatkov je potekalo s pomočjo tehnike anketiranja. Anketni vprašalnik je vseboval 15 vprašanj zaprtega tipa. Raziskovalni vzorec je zajemal 100 zdravstvenih delavcev z izkušnjami v paliativni oskrbi. Podatke smo statistično obdelali s programom Microsoft Excel in dobljene rezultate grafično prikazali. Za zbiranje sekundarnih virov podatkov smo uporabili bibliografske baze (PubMed, Cobiss, dLib, Sage Journals). Rezultati: Naša raziskava je pokazala, da se polovica zdravstvenih delavcev pri svojem delu ukvarja s paliativno oskrbo in tudi izraža potrebo po dodatnem usposabljanju. Izpostavljeni so bili dodatna usposabljanja na področju komunikacijskih veščin s pacienti in njihovimi družinami ter upravljanje simptomov. Po mnenju zdravstvenih delavcev (62 %) je vključevanje svojcev v oskrbo ključni dejavnik. Raziskava je pokazala, da zdravstveni delavci pogosto zaznajo potrebo svojcev po informiranju o poteku bolezni in prognozi, navodilih za izvajanje negovalnih postopkov, možnostih psihološke podpore ter svetovanju glede lajšanja simptomov. Največja izziva pri delu v paliativni oskrbi sta čustvena obremenitev, povezana z izgorelostjo (89 %), in občutek nemoči pri lajšanju simptomov (56 %). Simptomi, ki povzročajo največ težav pri zdravljenju oziroma lajšanju simptomov, so bolečina (47 %), utrujenost (20 %), slabost in bruhanje (14 %), težko dihanje (7 %), izguba apetita (6 %) ter depresija (3 %). Od vseh teh naštetih simptomov je največkrat prisotna bolečina (54 %) kot najpogostejši simptom v paliativni oskrbi. Predvsem se za lajšanje simptomov v zdravstveni negi uporabljajo farmakološki načini, kot so opioidi, in sicer v 72 %. Pretežno se uporabljajo tudi nefarmakološki načini, kot so akupunktura, glasbena terapija in kot najbolj izražen pristop psihološka podpora (87 %). Razprava: Ugotovili smo, da sta za kakovostno paliativno oskrbo ključna dobra komunikacija in sprotno izobraževanje, saj nove raziskave in smernice omogočajo nenehne napredke pri obravnavi bolnikov v paliativni oskrbi. Stopnja težavnosti simptomov vpliva na njihovo lajšanje in zdravljenje. Pri bolnikih z več diagnozami sta nujna celostni pristop in sodelovanje multidisciplinarnega tima za učinkovito oskrbo. Pogosto se spregleda pomen nefarmakoloških pristopov za lajšanje simptomov, ki bi jih bilo smiselno pogosteje uporabljati v kombinaciji s farmakološkimi metodami. Psihološka podpora pri oskrbi zagotavlja pomembno čustveno oporo bolnikom in njihovim družinam. Za uspešno izvajanje paliativne oskrbe pa zdravstveni delavci potrebujejo poglobljeno znanje, empatičen odnos in veliko strokovnih veščin.
Keywords:paliativna oskrba, zdravstveni delavci, lajšanje simptomov, komunikacija
Year of publishing:2025
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-11426 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:228772611 New window
Publication date in ReVIS:06.02.2025
Views:202
Downloads:6
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:SYMPTOM RELIEF IN PALLIATIVE CARE NURSING
Abstract:Departures: Palliative care is a vast field of nursing that requires in-depth knowledge and a wide range of skills, and involves a holistic approach to the patient in which healthcare professionals play a key role. The complexity of care often leads to a lack of knowledge, which can make it difficult to provide effective symptom relief. This study aims to explore how to improve symptom relief in palliative care. Methods: The questionnaire consisted of 15 closed-ended questions. The research sample consisted of 100 healthcare professionals with experience of palliative care. The data were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel and the results graphically displayed. Results: Our survey showed that half of healthcare professionals are involved in palliative care in their work and also express a need for additional training. Additional training in comminication skills with patients and their families and symptom management was highlighted. Healthcare professionals (62%) consider the involvement of relatives in care to be a key factor. The survey showed that health professionals often perceive a need for relatives to be informed about the course of the disease and prognosis, care instructions, psychological support options and advice on symptom relief. The biggest challenges in palliative care work are the emotional burden associated with burnout (89%), and the feeling of helplessness in symptom relief (56%). Symptoms that cause the most difficulties to treat or relieve are pain (47%), fatigue (20%), nausea and vomiting (14%), shortness of breath (7%), loss of appetite (6%) and depression (3%). Of these symptoms, pain is the most common symptom in palliative care (54%). Pharmacological modalities such as opioids are predominantly used to relieve symptoms in palliative care, at 72%. Non-pharmacological modalities such as acupuncture, music therapy are also predominantly used, and the most prominent approach of the non-pharmacological modalities was psychological support (87%). Discussion: We have found that good communication and ongoing education are key to quality palliative care, as new research and data enable continuous advances in patient care. The severity of symptoms has an impact on their relief and treatment. For patients with multiple diagnoses, a holistic approach and the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team is essential for effective care. The importance of non-pharmacological approaches to symptom relief is often overlooked and should be used more frequently in combination with pharmacological methods. Psychological support in care provides important emotional support to patients and their families. However, to be successful in palliative care, health professionals need in-depth knowledge, an empathetic attitude and a high level of professional competence.
Keywords:palliative care, health professionals, symptom relief, communication


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