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Title: PALIATIVNA OSKRBA V SLOVENIJI V PRIMERJAVI Z DRŽAVAMI EVROPSKE UNIJE: IZZIVI IN PRILOŽNOSTI Authors: ID Tomažič, Gregor (Author) ID Leskovic, Ljiljana (Mentor) More about this mentor... Files: DIP_Tomazic_Gregor_2025.pdf (2,17 MB) MD5: BC750F15F7AB0CCE8CA9482C07BD92D6   Language: Slovenian Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis Organization: UNM FZV - University of Novo mesto - Faculty of Health Sciences Abstract: POVZETEK Teoretična izhodišča: Paliativna oskrba predstavlja celosten in sistematičen pristop, ki se osredotoča na izboljšanje kakovosti življenja posameznikov s hudimi ter napredovalimi boleznimi – hkrati pa nudi tudi podporo njihovim družinam in bližnjim. V Sloveniji, podobno kot v drugih državah Evropske unije, je cilj paliativne oskrbe omiliti trpljenje s fizičnimi, čustvenimi, socialnimi in duhovnimi intervencijami. Kljub temu, da se področje razvija, se v slovenskem prostoru soočamo z velikimi izzivi. Težave v Sloveniji se znotraj tega področja pojavljajo predvsem skozi pomanjkanje ustrezne izobrazbe strokovnjakov, dostopnost storitev in pa razumevanje potreb pacientov in njihovih družin zaradi slabe komunikacije. Če gledamo Slovenijo v merilu primerjave z drugimi državami EU, obstajajo tako prednosti kot zaostanki. Namen diplomskega dela je s sistematičnim pregledom literature proučiti paliativno oskrbo v Sloveniji v primerjavi z državami Evropske unije ter izpostaviti tako izzive kot priložnosti, ki jih imamo. Metodologija: Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo sistematičnega pregleda literature, jih analizirali, smiselno sintetizirali in povezali v poglavja. Uporabili smo tako domačo kot tujo literaturo, ki je usmerjena v paliativno oskrbo na Slovenskem ter v državah EU. Podatke smo pridobili s pomočjo virtualnih baz podatkov, in sicer PubMed, Cochrane, COBISS, DKUM in Google Učenjak, pri čemer smo vzpostavili temeljne vključitvene kriterije: leto objave literature med 2009 in 2023; dostopnost literature v angleškem ali slovenskem jeziku; literatura mora biti dostopna v celoti in recenzirana. Pri iskanju literature smo uporabili ključne iskalne besedne zveze v različnih kombinacijah, in sicer v slovenskem jeziku: »paliativna oskrba«, »zdravstvena nega«, »Slovenija«, »Evropa« ter v angleškem jeziku; »palliative care«, »nursing«, »Slovenia«, »Europe«). V virtualnih bazah podatkov smo ključne besede v istem vrstnem redu vpisovali v iskalnik ter jih povezali z »AND« in »OR«. Rezultati: Prvotno iskanje znanstvenih in strokovnih virov in literature je rezultiralo v 1186 zadetkih ob uporabi ključnih besed. Zavrgli smo tiste zadetke, ki niso bili relevantni za temo naše raziskave. Nato smo natančno preučili 12 zadetkov in jih vključili v razpravo. Ugotovili smo, da je v slovenskem prostoru na področju paliativne oskrbe ključnega pomena učinkovito usklajevanje in sodelovanje med različnimi strokovnjaki, kot so zdravniki različnih specialističnih usmeritev, medicinske sestre ter ostali zdravstveni delavci in sodelavci. Ti delujejo v okviru interdisciplinarnega zdravstvenega tima, kar zahteva dobro koordinacijo, da se zagotovi kontinuiteta obravnave in kakovostna izvedba storitev. Čeprav Slovenija na tem področju zaostaja za nekaterimi naprednejšimi evropskimi modeli, kjer je paliativna oskrba bolje integrirana in lažje dostopna, so vidni pozitivni premiki. V naprednejših sistemih je poudarek na tesnejšem sodelovanju med različnimi poklici ter na vzpostavitvi strukturirane sistemske podpore, kar omogoča večjo učinkovitost obravnave pacientov. Kljub temu ima Slovenija tudi svoje prednosti. Med njimi izstopata vse večja ozaveščenost javnosti o pomenu paliativne oskrbe ter naraščajoče število usposobljenih strokovnjakov na tem področju. Te pozitivne trende je mogoče nadgraditi z reševanjem ključnih izzivov, kot so izboljšanje dostopnosti virov, dodatno izobraževanje in usposabljanje zaposlenih ter boljša integracija paliativne oskrbe v zdravstveni sistem. Sistemski razvoj in trajnostna podpora bosta omogočila odpravo obstoječih slabosti ter vzpostavitev bolj kakovostnega in dostopnega sistema paliativne oskrbe v Sloveniji. Razprava: Teorija paliativne oskrbe poudarja ključni pomen prilagajanja strategij oskrbe individualnim potrebam pacientov. Ta pristop omogoča aktivno vključevanje pacientov v proces oskrbe, kar krepi njihovo avtonomijo in prispeva k boljši kakovosti življenja. Kljub napredkom se Slovenija na tem področju še vedno sooča z izzivi, kot sta pomanjkanje izobraženega zdravstvenega osebja, kar omejuje strokovno izvedbo paliativne oskrbe, in neenaka dostopnost storitev, ki je posledica pomanjkanja enotne sistemske podpore in geografske razpršenosti virov. Te pomanjkljivosti zmanjšujejo učinkovitost paliativne oskrbe v primerjavi z evropskim povprečjem, ki ga Slovenija želi preseči, obenem pa primeri dobrih praks iz drugih držav EU ponujajo številne priložnosti za izboljšave. Med ključnimi koraki so vlaganje v dodatno izobraževanje in usposabljanje strokovnega kadra, povečanje dostopnosti storitev na nacionalni ravni in dvig ozaveščenosti javnosti o pomenu paliativne oskrbe. Uresničitev teh izboljšav bi lahko temeljno vplivala na kakovost življenja pacientov, zadovoljila njihove potrebe in hkrati prispevala k večji prepoznavnosti paliativne oskrbe na ravni celotne družbe. Keywords: Paliativna oskrba, zdravstvena nega, Slovenija, Evropa Year of publishing: 2025 PID: 20.500.12556/ReVIS-11427  Publication date in ReVIS: 06.02.2025 Views: 198 Downloads: 14 Metadata:    Cite this work Plain text BibTeX EndNote XML EndNote/Refer RIS ABNT ACM Ref AMA APA Chicago 17th Author-Date Harvard IEEE ISO 690 MLA Vancouver : Copy citation

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Language:	English
Title:	PALLIATIVE CARE IN SLOVENIA COMPARED TO EU COUNTRIES: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Abstract:	ABSTRACT Theoretical starting points: Palliative care represents a holistic and systematic approach that focuses on improving the quality of life of individuals with severe and advanced diseases – while also providing support to their families and loved ones. In Slovenia, as in other countries of the European Union, the goal of palliative care is to alleviate suffering through physical, emotional, social and spiritual interventions – despite the fact that the field is developing, we face great challenges in Slovenia. The problems in Slovenia in this area arise mainly through the lack of adequate education of specialists, accessibility of services and understanding of the needs of patients and their families due to poor communication. If we look at Slovenia in terms of comparison with other EU countries, there are both advantages and disadvantages. to examine palliative care in Slovenia compared to the countries of the European Union and to highlight both the challenges and the opportunities we have. Methodology: We obtained the data with the help of a systematic review of the literature, which we analyzed, meaningfully synthesized and connected in chapters. We used both domestic and foreign literature aimed at palliative care in Slovenia and EU countries. We obtained data with the help of literature within virtual databases, namely (PubMed, Cochrane, COBISS, DKUM and Google Scholar), whereby we established the basic inclusion criteria: year of literature publication between 2009 and 2023; literature must be available in English or Slovenian; the literature must be accessible in its entirety and peer-reviewed. When searching for literature and sources, we used key search phrases in various combinations, namely in the Slovenian language: "palliative care", "medical care", "Slovenia", "Europe" and in the English language; "palliative care", "nursing", "Slovenia", "Europe"). In virtual databases, we will enter keywords in the same order in the search engine and connect them with "AND" and "OR". Results: The initial search of scientific and professional sources and literature resulted in 1186 hits using keywords. We discarded those that were not relevant to the topic of our research. We then carefully examined the 12 hits and included them in the discussion. We found that effective coordination and cooperation between different experts, such as doctors of different specializations, nurses and other medical professionals and colleagues, is of key importance in the field of palliative care in Slovenia. They work as part of an interdisciplinary healthcare team, which requires good coordination to ensure continuity of care and quality delivery of services. Although Slovenia lags behind some of the more advanced European models in this area, where palliative care is better integrated and more easily accessible, positive developments are visible. In more advanced systems, the emphasis is on closer cooperation between different professions and on the establishment of structured system support, which enables greater efficiency in the treatment of patients. Nevertheless, Slovenia also has its advantages. Among them, the increasing public awareness of the importance of palliative care and the growing number of qualified professionals in this field stand out. These positive trends can be upgraded by solving key challenges, such as: improving the availability of resources, additional education and training of employees, better integration of palliative care into the health system. Systemic development and sustainable support will enable the elimination of existing weaknesses and the establishment of a higher quality and accessible palliative care system in Slovenia. Discussion: The theory of palliative care emphasizes the crucial importance of adapting care strategies to the individual needs of patients. This approach enables patients to be actively involved in the care process, which strengthens their autonomy and contributes to a better quality of life. Despite progress, Slovenia still faces challenges in this area, such as: lack of educated medical personnel, which limits the professional implementation of palliative care, unequal access to services, which is a result of the lack of uniform system support and geographical dispersion of resources. These shortcomings reduce the effectiveness of palliative care compared to the European average, which Slovenia wants to exceed, while examples of good practices from other EU countries offer many opportunities for improvement. Among the key steps are: investing in additional education and training of professional staff, increasing the availability of services at the national level, raising public awareness of the importance of palliative care. The realization of these improvements could fundamentally affect the quality of life of patients, satisfy their needs and at the same time contribute to greater recognition of palliative care at the level of the entire society.
Keywords:	Palliative care, nursing, Slovenia, Europe

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