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Title:Patterns discovery in Slovenian public spending : a data-driven approach to corruption detection
Authors:ID Joksimović, Jelena (Author)
ID Levnajić, Zoran (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
ID Ženko, Bernard (Comentor)
Files:.pdf DR_2023_Jelena_Joksimovic.pdf (6,92 MB)
MD5: 2144622090C10E3515C3A80E4667FA01
 
Language:English
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:FIŠ - Faculty of Information Studies in Novo mesto
Abstract:Corruption is a pervasive societal issue, entailing the misuse of public authority for personal benefits. Traditionally, corruption was estimated via perception surveys, which rely on probing the individuals about their views on corruption rather than directly measuring it. Such assessments encounter challenges in accurately capturing corruption and often diverge from actual corruption levels. Recent advancements in data collection, spurred by calls for transparency in public institutions and fueled by enhanced computational and storage capabilities, opened unprecedented opportunities for a far more precise analysis of corruptive processes. By quantitatively analyzing concrete datasets, such as transactions between public sector and private companies, contractual documents, public procurement records, bid outcomes, and healthcare product prices, novel avenues emerged for both addressing and predicting corruption. These scientific endeavors aim to discover the best policies to mitigate corruption and rebuild trust in public institutions. This doctoral dissertation pioneers this novel approach, forging a collaborative partnership with the Commission for the Prevention of Corruption in Slovenia (CPC). Harnessing state-of-the-art data mining, statistical analysis, and machine learning, we analyze a large CPC’s datasets detailing 17 years of public spending on private companies and reported receiving of gifts to public officials. We uncover an array of findings along three research directions: 1. We reveal the presence of self-organizing principles that govern Slovenian public expenditure. Such mechanisms are usually observed in more orderly (e.g. physical) systems and come across as surprising in this context, where interactions are dominated by human factors. 2. We construct an interactive framework tailored for CPC's use. It enables quick identification of suspicious private companies whose revenues from public sources exhibit visible disparities that correlate with changes of the government. 3. Finally, employing natural language processing, we uncover how seemingly innocent ceremonial gifts can foster favoritism and enable misuse of public positions for personal gains. We illustrate the disparities between the laws regulating gift reporting and the actual practices. In conclusion, this research contributed: (i) new computational methods for data-driven analysis of corruption, and (ii) better understanding of societal processes that govern public spending in Slovenia. Our work delivers valuable recommendations to governmental, public, and administrative bodies. We hope these insights will bolster the use of transparent public data as the key tool in the fight against corruption.
Keywords:corruption, public spending, gift reporting, transparency, data mining, time series, unsupervised learning
Place of publishing:Novo mesto
Place of performance:Novo mesto
Publisher:J. Joksimović
Year of publishing:2023
Year of performance:2023
Number of pages:XXVIII, 182 str.
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-11450 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:178035459 New window
UDC:004.85:343.352:336.5.02(043.2)(497.4)
Note:Na ov.: Doctoral Dissertation;
Publication date in ReVIS:17.02.2025
Views:142
Downloads:1
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Licences

License:CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Description:The most restrictive Creative Commons license. This only allows people to download and share the work for no commercial gain and for no other purposes.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Odkrivanje vzorcev porabe javnega denarja v Sloveniji : doctoral dissertation
Abstract:Korupcija je razširjen družbeni problem, ki pomeni zlorabo javnega pooblastila za osebne koristi. Tradicionalno se je korupcija ocenjevala s pomočjo anket o zaznavanju, ki temeljijo na preverjanju posameznikov o njihovih pogledih na korupcijo, namesto da bi jo neposredno merili. Takšne ocene se soočajo s izzivi pri natančnem zajemanju korupcije in pogosto odstopajo od dejanskih ravni korupcije. Nedavni napredek pri zbiranju podatkov, ki ga spodbujajo pozivi k transparentnosti v javnih institucijah in ga omogočajo izboljšane zmogljivosti računalništva in shranjevanja, je odprl neprimerljive priložnosti za veliko bolj natančno analizo korupcijskih procesov. Z kvantitativno analizo konkretnih naborov podatkov, kot so transakcije med javnim sektorjem in zasebnimi podjetji, pogodbeni dokumenti, evidenca javnih naročil, izidi razpisov in cene zdravstvenih proizvodov, so se odprle nove poti za obravnavo in napovedovanje korupcije. Ta znanstvena prizadevanja so namenjena odkrivanju najboljših politik za zmanjšanje korupcije in obnovitev zaupanja v javne institucije. Ta doktorska disertacija je pionir tega novega pristopa, saj vzpostavlja partnersko sodelovanje s Komisijo za preprečevanje korupcije v Republiki Sloveniji (KPK). Z uporabo najsodobnejšega rudarjenja podatkov, statistične analize in strojnega učenja smo analizirali velik nabor podatkov KPK, ki podrobno opisuje 17 let javne porabe za zasebna podjetja in prejeta darila javnim uslužbencem. Razkrili smo vrsto ugotovitev v treh raziskovalnih smereh: • Odkrili smo prisotnost samoorganizacijskih načel, ki urejajo slovenske javne izdatke. Takšni mehanizmi se običajno pojavljajo v bolj urejenih (npr. fizičnih) sistemih in so v tem kontekstu presenetljivi, saj so interakcije prevladujoče s človeškimi dejavniki. • Zgradili smo interaktivni okvir, prilagojen za uporabo KPK. Omogoča hitro prepoznavanje sumljivih zasebnih podjetij, katerih prihodki iz javnih virov kažejo vidne razlike, ki so v korelaciji s spremembami vlade. • Končno s pomočjo obdelave naravnega jezika razkrivamo, kako lahko na videz nedolžna ceremonialna darila spodbujajo favoriziranje in omogočajo zlorabo javnih položajev za osebne koristi. Ponazarjamo razlike med zakoni, ki urejajo poročanje o darilih, in dejansko prakso. Skratka, ta raziskava je prispevala k: (i) novim računalniškim metodam za analizo korupcije na osnovi podatkov in (ii) boljšemu razumevanju družbenih procesov, ki urejajo javno porabo v Sloveniji. Naše delo podaja dragocena priporočila vladnim, javnim in upravnim organom. Upamo, da bodo ti vpogledi okrepili uporabo transparentnih javnih podatkov kot ključnega orodja v boju proti korupciji.
Keywords:korupcija, poraba javnega denarja, ceremonijalna darila, transparentnost, podatkovno rudarjenje, časovne vrste, strojno učenje


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