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Title:OKUŽBA PACIENTA S PROTI VANKOMICINU ODPORNIM ENTEROKOKOM
Authors:ID Turk, Špela (Author)
ID Šimec, Mateja (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf 4362$$dip_turk_spela_2026.pdf (1,13 MB)
MD5: 30641220DB2882B88DC9950E47434795
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Organization:UNM FZV - University of Novo mesto - Faculty of Health Sciences
Abstract:Izhodišča: Enterokoki so del normalne črevesne mikrobiote, vendar v bolnišničnem okolju pogosto povzročajo okužbe, zlasti pri pacientih s pridruženimi boleznimi in oslabljenim imunskim sistemom. Proti vankomicinu odporni enterokoki (VRE) zaradi visoke stopnje odpornosti, omejenih možnosti zdravljenja in sposobnosti širjenja predstavljajo pomemben klinični in javnozdravstveni izziv. Namen raziskave je bil proučiti problematiko okužb z VRE v bolnišničnem okolju. Metoda: Izvedli smo sistematični pregled domače in tuje literature, objavljene med letoma 2016 in 2025. Vire smo po izločitvenih kriterijih pridobili v bazah PubMed, SpringerLink, Cobiss in Google Učenjak. Uporabili smo naslednje ključne besede: proti vankomicinu odporni enterokoki, VRE okužbe, mehanizmi odpornosti na vankomicin, zdravljenje VRE okužb in epidemiologija VRE, pri čemer smo za zoževanje zadetkov uporabili Boolov operator AND. V analizo smo vključili 12 znanstvenih člankov v polnem besedilu. Podatke smo obdelali s tehniko kodiranja ter oblikovali naslednje vsebinske kategorije: razširjenost VRE, mehanizmi odpornosti, dejavniki tveganja, klinična slika, diagnostika, izolacijski ukrepi in zdravljenje, kar je omogočilo sistematičen pregled obravnavane problematike. Rezultati: Naša raziskava potrjuje, da se okužbe z VRE najhitreje širijo s stikom, predvsem preko rok zdravstvenega osebja ter preko onesnaženih površin in medicinske opreme v bolnišnici. Med najbolj pogoste dejavnike tveganja sodijo daljše bivanje v bolnišnici, zdravljenje z antibiotiki, invazivni posegi, prisotnost katetrov ter oslabljen imunski sistem. Za preprečevanje širjenja VRE so ključni dosledna higiena rok, kontaktna izolacija, uporaba zaščitne opreme, redno čiščenje in razkuževanje okolja ter nadzorovana uporaba antibiotikov. Redno presejalno testiranje pacientov omogoča zgodnje odkrivanje kolonizacije in pravočasno uvedbo ukrepov, s čimer se zmanjša možnost širjenja okužb. Razprava: Ugotovili smo, da VRE predstavljajo pomemben izziv v bolnišničnem okolju zaradi naraščajoče odpornosti in omejenih terapevtskih možnosti. Za učinkovito obvladovanje okužb so ključni zgodnja diagnostika, dosledno izvajanje izolacijskih ukrepov ter smotrna raba antibiotikov.
Keywords:proti vankomicinu odporni enterokoki, VRE okužbe, mehanizmi odpornosti na vankomicin, zdravljenje VRE okužb, epidemiologija VRE
Year of publishing:2026
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-13990 New window
Publication date in ReVIS:05.06.2026
Views:31
Downloads:0
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:INFECTION OF A PATIENT WITH VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS
Abstract:Background: Enterococci are part of the normal intestinal microbiota, but in hospital settings, they often cause infections, especially in patients with underlying diseases and weakened immune systems. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose a significant clinical and public health challenge due to their high level of resistance, limited treatment options, and ability to spread. The study aimed to examine the problem of VRE infections in the hospital environment. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of domestic and foreign literature published between 2016 and 2025. Sources were obtained from PubMed, SpringerLink, Cobiss, and Google Scholar databases according to exclusion criteria. We used the following keywords: vancomycin-resistant enterococci, VRE infections, mechanisms of vancomycin resistance, treatment of VRE infections, and VRE epidemiology, using the Boolean operator AND to narrow down the results. We included 12 full-text scientific articles in the analysis. We processed the data using a coding technique and formed the following content categories: prevalence of VRE, resistance mechanisms, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis, isolation measures, and treatment, which enabled a systematic review of the issue at hand. Results: Our research confirms that VRE infections spread most rapidly through contact, primarily via the hands of healthcare personnel and via contaminated hospital surfaces and medical equipment. The most common risk factors include prolonged hospital stays, antibiotic treatment, invasive procedures, the presence of catheters, and a weakened immune system. Consistent hand hygiene, contact isolation, use of protective equipment, regular environmental cleaning and disinfection, and controlled use of antibiotics are key to preventing the spread of VRE. Regular screening of patients enables early detection of colonization and timely implementation of measures, thereby reducing the possibility of spreading infections Discussion: The literature review confirms that VREs represent a significant challenge in the hospital environment due to increasing resistance and limited therapeutic options. Early diagnosis, consistent implementation of isolation measures, and judicious use of antibiotics are key to effective infection control.
Keywords:vancomycin-resistant enterococci, VRE infections, mechanisms of vancomycin resistance, treatment of VRE infections, epidemiology of VRE


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