441. ELECTION INTEGRITY AND FOREIGN INTERFERENCE: THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY, POLICY, AND AI IN BUILDING RESILIENT EU FRAMEWORKSBorut Petek, 2025, not set Abstract: This dissertation investigates the emerging threat of foreign interference in the European Union’s (EU) electoral processes, focusing on how technology, law, and policy shape the systems that safeguard democracy. It aims to critically analyse the growing risk posed by foreign interference, primarily through the use of advanced technologies and cyber operations, and to identify necessary improvements in existing legal frameworks, inter-agency collaboration, and an integrated approach that combines legal, technological, and political measures. The research methodology relies on secondary data from sources such as European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA), EU DisinfoLab, and Freedom House. It adopts a mixed approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Within this framework, the study examines technological tools, legal instruments – such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the Digital Services Act (DSA) – and institutional responses to foreign interference. Key findings indicate that emerging technologies originating in the fast-evolving field of artificial intelligence (AI) enable agents to use bots and deepfakes to strategically disseminate disinformation. Current legal frameworks, including the GDPR and DSA, require revision to address the complex issues associated with modern electoral interference, including its interstate nature and the influence of AI-driven disinformation. The research also highlights the challenges in inter-agency collaboration caused by fragmented elections, limited information sharing, and concerns related to national sovereignty. Furthermore, it emphasises the advantages of a multi-dimensional approach that integrates legal reforms, advanced technological solutions to identify disinformation, and enhanced political solidarity among EU member states. In conclusion, the thesis argues that without targeted legal changes, improved IT capabilities, and closer co-operation among EU institutions, agencies, and committees, EU elections will remain vulnerable to foreign interference, posing serious threats to democracy in Europe.
Keywords: foreign interference, cyber security of elections, electoral integrity, European Union, artificial intelligence, disinformation
Published in ReVIS: 15.02.2025; Views: 725; Downloads: 43
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442. Ubogi oglaševalci : zbirka pesmi in pisem-apelovSrečo Zakrajšek, 2025, artistic work Abstract: Svet oglaševanja je poln kontrastov – na eni strani stoji bleščeč sijaj kreativnih idej, ki nas navdušujejo in prepričujejo, na drugi pa sence resničnosti, v katerih ustvarjalci vsakodnevno lovijo ravnotežje med osebnimi vrednotami, profesionalnimi pritiski in zahtevami trga. Zbirka Ubogi oglaševalci razgrinja to dvojnost skozi otožne in optimistične pesmi ter pisma-apele. Vabi vas, da pogledate preko sijoče površine reklamnega sveta in uzrete ljudi, ki ga soustvarjajo – z vsemi njihovimi občutki, sanjami in stiskami. Naj vas nagovori k razmisleku o odgovornosti vseh nas, ki sprejemamo sporočila oglaševalcev, in k iskanju poti, kjer bo ustvarjalnost zares služila dobremu.
Keywords: pesmi, pisma, apeli, oglaševanje, oglaševalci, umetna inteligenca, ChatGPT
Published in ReVIS: 14.02.2025; Views: 549; Downloads: 15
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443. Inovativne metode za nove perspektive : ustvarjalno načrtovanje novih izdelkov in storitevSrečo Zakrajšek, 2025, professional monograph Abstract: V hitro spreminjajočem se svetu postajajo inovativne rešitve ključnega pomena za uspeh v osebnem in profesionalnem življenju. Ta priročnik ponuja pet kreativnih metod, ki pomagajo pri oblikovanju novih idej, reševanju problemov in razvoju novih perspektiv. Vsaka metoda je opisana skozi praktične primere in prilagojena široki uporabi – od vsakdanjih izzivov do kompleksnih projektov.
V priročniku boste spoznali metode 6 klobukov, Postavljanje ovir in izzivov, SCAMPER, TRIZ, Design Thinking ter njihovo uporabo v kombinaciji z umetno inteligenco ChatGPT. Izbira prave metode je odvisna od specifičnega problema in ciljev, zato priročnik ponuja smernice za izbiro optimalnega pristopa. Cilj je izboljšati sposobnosti načrtovanja, kreativnega razmišljanja in prilagajanja, s čimer lahko preprečimo težave še preden nastanejo ter poiščemo priložnosti tam, kjer jih prej nismo videli.
Keywords: kreativnost, načrtovanje, umetna inteligenca, 6 klobukov, postavljanje ovir, postavljanje izzivov
Published in ReVIS: 14.02.2025; Views: 465; Downloads: 12
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444. Fecal short-chain fatty acids are associated with obesity in gestational diabetesKatja Molan, Jerneja Ambrožič, Matevž Likar, Draženka Pongrac Barlovič, Darja Žgur-Bertok, Marjanca Starčič Erjavec, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are produced by the microbial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates, play an important role in the metabolism and physiology of the host. SCFAs are involved in the regulation of maternal metabolism during pregnancy and influence weight gain, glucose metabolism, and metabolic hormones. Methods: In 2017, women who were treated for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana were invited to participate in a longitudinal study. A total of 45 women were included in this study and comprehensively phenotyped. During the second and third trimester of pregnancy, the women with GDM provided fecal samples for SCFA analysis. The samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Results: SCFA concentrations in feces differed between overweight/obese and normal-weight women with GDM. Acetate and propionate concentrations were significantly higher in pregnant women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy compared to normal-weight women but butyrate concentrations were not. Butyrate was elevated in the third trimester in the group with excessive gestational weight gain. Conclusions: The relationship between SCFAs and obesity is complex, and the association between SCFAs and GDM remains to be clarified. Regardless of the conflicting publications on the role of SCFAs, our study showed that higher acetate and propionate levels were associated with the weight categories of overweight or obesity before pregnancy and higher butyrate levels were associated with excessive gestational weight gain.
Keywords: fecal SCFA, pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preconception BMI, gestational weight gain
Published in ReVIS: 12.02.2025; Views: 1053; Downloads: 3
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445. ANALIZA STANDARDNIH PROTOKOLOV NUJNE MEDICINSKE POMOČI PRI BOLNIKU S HIPOGLIKEMIJOMatevž Krese, 2025, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Sladkorna bolezen tipa I je avtoimuna bolezen, prisotna pri mlajši populaciji. Zanjo je značilna limfocitna infiltracija in uničenje beta celic Langerhansovih otočkov v trebušni slinavki, ki izločajo inzulin. Diabetes tipa II pa je značilen predvsem za starejšo populacijo, kjer pride do okvare ß-celic trebušne slinavke in zmanjšanega izločanja inzulina. Značilna je tudi nezmožnost tkiv, ki so občutljiva na inzulin, da bi se ustrezno odzvala. Hipoglikemija se pojavi, ko koncentracija glukoze v krvi pade pod raven, ki je potrebna za pravilno podporo telesnim potrebam po energiji in stabilnosti v njegovem notranjem okolju. Glukoza je kritičen vir energije za telesne celice, zlasti nevrone v možganih. Namen raziskave je analizirati standardizirane protokole nujne medicinske pomoči pri bolnikih s hipoglikemijo. Skladno z namenom diplomske naloge smo oblikovali sledeče cilje: analizirati in primerjati pojavnost hipoglikemije v primerjavi z drugimi intervencijami nujne medicinske pomoči v letih od 2019 do 2023, ugotoviti, koliko bolnikov je potrebovalo nadaljnje zdravljenje v bolnišnici, ali je hipoglikemija bila prepoznana ob sprejemu klica ter raziskati hipoglikemijo v povezavi z demografskimi podatki (spol in starost).
Keywords: sladkorna bolezen, hipoglikemija, standardizirani protokoli, nujna medicinska
pomoč.
Published in ReVIS: 11.02.2025; Views: 427; Downloads: 12
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446. ANALIZA STANDARDIZIRANIH PROTOKOLOV NUJNE MEDICINSKE POMOČI PRI POŠKODOVANCIH S STRELNIM OROŽJEMJan Vrlinič, 2025, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Izhodišča: Poškodbe, nastale s strelnim orožjem, so glavni vzrok smrti, ki prizadene mladostnike in mlade odrasle po vsem svetu, zlasti v Ameriki. V mnogih pogledih so strelne rane le vrsta penetrantne poškodbe. Tako strelna kot vbodna rana spadata pod smernice za ravnanje s poškodbami. Strelne rane lahko razvrstimo na prestrel, zastrel in obstrel. Pri oskrbi strelne rane sta zaustavitev krvavitve in hemodinamska stabilnost poškodovanca glavna cilja. Krvavitve lahko zaustavimo s pritiskom na rano, kompresijsko obvezo ali Esmarchovo prevezo. Sama oskrba je odvisna od lokacije rane. Namen raziskave je analizirati standardizirane protokole nujne medicinske pomoči pri poškodovancih zaradi strelnega orožja. Skladno z namenom diplomske naloge smo oblikovali naslednje cilje: analizirati delež intervencij s strelnim orožjem, kjer je vzrok poskus samomora, analizirati delež intervencij s strelnim orožjem, kjer je vzrok nesreča, analizirati delež intervencij s strelnim orožjem, kjer je vzrok namerno škodovanje osebi, raziskati vlogo demografskih podatkov (spol, starost) glede na delež strelnih poškodb, ugotoviti delež intervencij, kjer so bile poškodbe s strelnim orožjem nezdružljive z življenjem, ugotoviti delež intervencij, pri katerih so bile poškodbe s strelnim orožjem življenjsko ogrožajoče, ugotoviti delež intervencij, pri katerih so bile poškodbe s strelnim orožjem lažje narave, ugotoviti najpogostejša anatomska mesta strelnih poškodb in analizirati delež intervencij v primerjavi z ostalimi intervencijami nujne medicinske pomoči.
Metode: V raziskavi smo s pomočjo vnaprej pripravljene predloge analizirali statistiko poškodb, povzročenih s strelnim orožjem. Za statistično analizo podatkov v raziskavi smo uporabili kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja, ki je temeljila na neeksperimentalni kavzalni metodi dela. Uporabili smo predlogo za analizo virov, pridobljenih iz standardiziranih protokolov nujne medicinske pomoči Zdravstvenega doma Novo mesto. Pregledali smo vse protokole v obdobju od 1. 1. 2019 do 31. 12. 2023. Pregledali smo 4861 protokolov, od katerih smo v nadaljnjo analizo vključili 11 protokolov, ki so obravnavali poškodbo s strelnim orožjem. Analizo in prikaz podatkov smo opravili z Microsoft Excel 2018.
Rezultati: V obdobju 2019–2023 je ekipa nujne medicinske pomoči obravnavala 11 primerov poškodb s strelnim orožjem, kar predstavlja 0,2 % vseh opravljenih intervencij. Ugotavljamo, da so poškodbo, povezano s strelnim orožjem, pogosteje utrpeli moški (n = 10; 90,9 %) in da se poškodba, povezana s strelnim orožjem, najpogosteje dogaja v starostnih obdobjih od 21 do 40 let in od 61 do 80 let. V več kot polovici primerov je strelno orožje povzročilo lažje poškodbe (n = 6; 54,5 %). Najpogostejši del poškodovanega telesa predstavlja glava (n = 7; 63,6 %), medtem ko je bilo pet poskusov samomora, pet primerov namernega škodovanja s strelnim orožjem in samo en primer nesreče.
Razprava in zaključek: Poškodbe, povzročene s strelnim orožjem, sodijo med najkompleksnejša in najresnejša travmatološka stanja, saj zahtevajo hitro in natančno oceno ter intervencijo na terenu in med transportom v bolnišnico. Standardizirani protokoli so ključni za zagotavljanje enotnega pristopa k oskrbi poškodovancev, zmanjšanje možnosti napak, skrajšanje časa obravnave in izboljšanje izidov bolnikov. V analizi smo ugotovili, da so protokoli usmerjeni k obvladovanju kritičnih stanj, kot so huda krvavitev, poškodbe vitalnih organov in preprečevanje šoka, ter zajemajo tako specifične ukrepe obravnave na mestu dogodka kot tudi nadaljnje korake med transportom.
Keywords: strelno orožje, poškodba, protokoli nujne medicinske pomoči, nevarne situacije.
Published in ReVIS: 11.02.2025; Views: 475; Downloads: 21
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447. Učinkovitost kinezioterapije po šivu meniskusaDavor Dolinar, 2025, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Rupture meniskusa so pogosta ortopedska patologija. Za uspešno zdravljenje sta ključna pravilno postavljena diagnoza in zadostno znanje o anatomskih strukturah meniskusa. Ne poznamo splošno sprejete metode o postavitvi klinične diagnoze rupture, ker je pogosto težko ločiti rupturo od drugih pogostih poškodb kolena. Pri diagnosticiranju uporabljamo kombinacijo anamneze, fizičnega pregleda z uporabo kliničnih testov ter magnetno resonanco, s katero lahko izključimo pridružene akutne patologije in ocenimo degenerativne spremembe v kolenu. Pri degenerativnih rupturah operacija ni prva izbira, bolniku priporočamo rehabilitacijo s kinezioterapijo. Po travmatskih rupturah pogosto sledi operativno zdravljenje s šivanjem meniskusa, ki mu sledi rehabilitacija. Najpomembnejši in glavni cilj rehabilitacije je zmanjšanje intenzitete bolečine, povrnitev mišične moči in funkcije ter izboljšanje gibljivosti v kolenskem sklepu. Pristop zdravljenja vedno prilagodimo individualno glede na zahtevnost poškodbe, raznolikosti simptomov ter individualne strukturne značilnosti. Pospešen rehabilitacijski program uporabimo pri perifernih RM, bolnik takoj delno obremeni koleno, takoj začne krčiti koleno in ne uporablja ortoze. Pri kompleksnih RM sledimo omejenemu programu in je rehabilitacija končana okvirno po štirih mesecih. Zaradi premalo izvedenih kakovostnih raziskav v pregledu literature nismo zasledili enotnega protokola za pooperativno rehabilitacijo po šivu meniskusa s področja kinezioterapije in drugih fizioterapevtskih metod. Ugotovili pa smo, da je kinezioterapija najučinkovitejša metoda rehabilitacije po operaciji šiva meniskusa.
Keywords: ruptura meniskusa, šiv meniskusa, fizioterapija, kinezioterapija, rehabilitacija
Published in ReVIS: 11.02.2025; Views: 422; Downloads: 21
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448. Differences among higher education students from the ICT field : formal education vs. lifelong learningNuša Erman, Nika Robida, Katarina Rojko, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Recovery and resilience plan (RRP) approved by the European Commission fosters the development of lifelong learning programs to upgrade employees’ skills and knowledge for digital and green transitions. Within higher education, the field of information and communication technology (ICT) is also a priority area, so we compared the demographic variables of students enrolled in formal first-cycle higher education programs in ICT with those enrolled in lifelong ICT programs within the framework of the Advanced Computer Skills project funded by the RRP in Slovenia. The results show that formal firstcycle higher education in the field of ICT remains strongly male-dominated, whereas, among participants in lifelong learning, the percentage of females stands out. Bachelor programs in ICT are primarily enrolled by young people aged up to 24 years, while shorter universitybased lifelong learning programs attract mostly older participants with higher completed formal education and from a broader range of prior educational backgrounds. Finally, when all three variables (gender, age and level of prior formal education) are considered, participants in lifelong learning are much more similar to part-time students than full-time bachelor ICT students, although the percentage of men in formal education is still predominant even in part-time studies. The research findings highlight the need for further efforts to offer lifelong learning in ICT to enable individuals to improve their employment prospects, progress in the workplace or even change their field of work.
Keywords: higher education, ICT education, lifelong learning, gender divide, age differences, prior education, formal education
Published in ReVIS: 11.02.2025; Views: 522; Downloads: 2
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449. The Contemporary paradigm of human dignity in the European Union contextPetra Kleindienst, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: The European Council adopted a strategic agenda for the period 2019-2024 focused on protecting citizens and freedoms while promoting European interests and values on the global stage. In this regard, the concept of human dignity is crucial given that the first article of the Charter of Fundamental Fights of the EU states »Human dignity is inviolable. It must be respected and protected«. This chapter presents traditional and contemporary paradigms of human dignity relying on its cultural and historical aspects and highlights its relevance in the context of the EU today.
Keywords: human dignity, European Union, human rights, democracy, pluralism, human being, Charter of Fundamental Rights, Lisbon Treaty
Published in ReVIS: 11.02.2025; Views: 464; Downloads: 3
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450. Introducing reflexibility as a path towards Society 5.0Tea Golob, Matej Makarovič, 2024, independent scientific component part or a chapter in a monograph Abstract: We introduce the concept of reflexibility, which merges the notion of reflexive thinking and responsible behaviour. It is based on Archer’s view on reflexivity, seeing it as the mediator between structure and agency and as the crucial component of social change. Reflexibility is seen as the leverage towards more favorable social conditions. As an analytical proxy for sustainable settings on a macro and micro level we take the idea of Society 5.0 which superimposes the industry 5.0. We analyze the dynamics of the emergence of Society 5.0 in the evolutionary context by considering historical and synchronic factors.
Keywords: reflexibility, sustainability, society 5.0, morphogenetic approach
Published in ReVIS: 11.02.2025; Views: 473; Downloads: 5
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