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Title:Učinkovitost Frontexovih operacij na zunanjih mejah EU
Authors:ID Obrstar, Urška (Author)
ID Valentinčič, Dejan (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf 12211$$zakljucno_delo.pdf (1,51 MB)
MD5: C593603F5A878BE435F904C2D7812F78
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Master's thesis/paper
Organization:FUDS - School of advanced social studies
Abstract:Magistrska naloga obravnava dinamiko in učinkovitost ukrepov Evropske unije (v nadaljevanju EU) pri obvladovanju nezakonitih migracij na zunanjih mejah v obdobju 2015–2024, s posebnim poudarkom na vlogi Evropske agencije za mejno in obalno stražo (v nadaljevanju Frontex). Teoretični del naloge celovito predstavi razvoj Frontexa in njegovo preobrazbo v operativno močnejšo agencijo, vlogo schengenskega območja, evropski integrirani model upravljanja meja (EIBM) ter ključne tehnološke rešitve, vključno s sistemi EURODAC, ETIAS, EES in EUROSUR. Posebna pozornost je namenjena razumevanju pojavnosti nezakonitih migracij, varnostnim izzivom ter odzivom EU skozi zakonodajne, operativne in mednarodne ukrepe. Empirični del temelji na podrobni kvantitativni analizi podatkov Frontexa za obdobje 2015–2024. Analiza potrjuje, da je v obravnavanem obdobju prišlo do izrazitega zmanjšanja števila nezakonitih prehodov zunanjih meja EU. Največji upad je bil zabeležen prav pri sirskih državljanih, kar kaže na učinkovitost dogovora EU–Turčija, humanitarne podpore državam gostiteljicam ter okrepljenega nadzora na najbolj obremenjenih poteh, kot je vzhodna sredozemska. Poudarek je tudi na pomenu mednarodnega sodelovanja, stabilizaciji regij izvora in razvoju tehnologij, ki so bistveno izboljšale zaznavnost migracijskih dogodkov. Analiza podatkov za leti 2023 in 2024 je posebej osredotočena na ranljive skupine migrantov. Rezultati kažejo, da se kljub splošnemu zmanjšanju števila migrantov povečuje delež žensk in mladoletnikov na vzhodni sredozemski poti, ki ostaja ena najvarnejših možnosti za ranljive skupine zaradi geografskih prednosti, boljše organiziranosti in prisotnosti humanitarnih organizacij. Poleg demografskih sprememb naloga posebno pozornost namenja vlogi sodobnih tehnologij. Ugotovitve potrjujejo, da je povečana uporaba dronov, mobilnih nadzornih sistemov in pametnih kamer pomembno prispevala k večji učinkovitosti nadzora. Namen naloge je celovito osvetliti preplet geopolitičnih dejavnikov, tehnološkega napredka in političnih odločitev, ki so skupaj oblikovali politiko EU na področju nadzora meja in obvladovanja migracij.
Keywords:Frontex, nezakonite migracije, zunanje meje EU, mejne tehnologije, demografski trendi, integrirano upravljanje meja
Year of publishing:2025
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-12317 New window
Publication date in ReVIS:27.09.2025
Views:123
Downloads:2
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Effectiveness of Frontex Operations on the EU's External Borders
Abstract:This master’s thesis examines the dynamics and effectiveness of the European Union's measures in managing irregular migration at its external borders between 2015 and 2024, with a particular focus on the role of the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). The theoretical part of the thesis provides a comprehensive overview of Frontex’s development and its transformation into a more operationally capable agency, the role of the Schengen Area, the European Integrated Border Management model (EIBM), and key technological solutions, including systems such as EURODAC, ETIAS, EES, and EUROSUR. Special attention is given to the phenomenon of irregular migration, related security challenges, and the EU’s legislative, operational, and international responses. The empirical part of the research is based on an in-depth quantitative analysis of Frontex data covering the period 2015–2024. The analysis confirms a significant reduction in the number of irregular border crossings into the EU during this period. The sharpest decline was recorded among Syrian nationals, highlighting the effectiveness of the EU–Turkey agreement, humanitarian support to host countries, and strengthened border controls along the most burdened routes, such as the Eastern Mediterranean. The findings also emphasise the importance of international cooperation, regional stabilisation in countries of origin, and technological advancements that have significantly improved the detection of migration flows. The analysis of data for 2023 and 2024 focuses specifically on vulnerable migrant groups. The results show that, despite an overall decline in migrant numbers, the proportion of women and minors on the Eastern Mediterranean route is increasing. This route remains one of the safest options for vulnerable groups due to its geographic proximity, better organisation, and the presence of humanitarian organisations. In addition to demographic changes, the thesis places particular emphasis on the role of modern technologies. The findings confirm that increased use of drones, mobile surveillance systems, and smart cameras has significantly contributed to improved border control effectiveness. The aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive insight into the complex interplay of geopolitical factors, technological advancements, and political decisions that have collectively shaped the EU's border management and migration control policies.
Keywords:Frontex, irregular migration, EU external borders, border technologies, demographic trends, integrated border management


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