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Title:Aflatoksini in vplivi na zdravje
Authors:ID Rozenberger, Sonja (Author)
ID Šimec, Mateja (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf DIP_Rozenberger_Sonja_2025.pdf (683,33 KB)
MD5: 88EEF241C3AD3DFE996A69DAA13D6564
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:UNM FZV - University of Novo mesto - Faculty of Health Sciences
Abstract:Izhodišča: Aflatoksini so presnovni produkt plesni vrste Aspergillus in tudi v majhnih količinah škodljivo vplivajo na zdravje ljudi. Najpogosteje povzročijo raka jeter. Uvrščeni so na seznam rakotvornih snovi. Namen pregleda literature je proučiti vpliv aflatoksinov na zdravje ljudi, raziskati, kakšne posledice za zdravje povzročajo, na kakšen način so jim ljudje izpostavljeni, katere poklicne skupine so jim izpostavljene in kakšna je ozaveščenost o njih. Metode: Podatke smo pridobili s sistematičnim pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature ter z analizo virov. Uporabljena je bila domača in tuja literatura, ki smo jo na osnovi izločitvenih kriterijev pridobili v podatkovnih bazah Springer Link, PubMed, COBISS in prek iskalnika Google Učenjak. Uporabili smo naslednje ključne besedne zveze: aflatoksini, vpliv na zdravje, varna hrana, poklicna izpostavljenost (v slovenščini) in aflatoxins, health implications, food safety, occupational exposure (v angleščini). Uporabljeni so bili omejitveni kriteriji: angleški in slovenski jezik, leto objave med 2015 in 2025, prost dostop, celotno besedilo, recenzirani članki. Izključeni so bili podvojeni članki in članki, ki niso vključevali iskane vsebine. Zbiranje podatkov je potekalo marca 2025. Pri pregledu literature smo izvedli vsebinsko analizo spoznanj vključenih raziskav. Uporabili smo tehniko kodiranja in oblikovanja vsebinskih kategorij. V diagramu Prizma smo predstavili potek iskanja literature. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 19 zadetkov. Izbor literature je temeljil na vsebinski ustreznosti. Kakovost izbrane znanstvene in strokovne literature smo določili s pomočjo hierarhije dokazov v znanstvenem raziskovalnem delu. V raziskavo so bili vključeni štirje sistematični pregledi literature, ena kohortna študija, dve študiji primerov in kontrol, tri presečne študije, dve kvalitativni študiji in sedem pregledov literature. Vsebinske kode smo razporedili v pet kategorij: škodljivi vplivi aflatoksinov na zdravje, vrste izpostavljenosti aflatoksinom, ogrožene poklicne skupine, izpostavljenost zdravstvenih delavcev in ozaveščanje o aflatoksinih. Razprava: Aflatoksini so razširjeni, zato se jim je težko izogniti. Izpostavljeni smo jim lahko prek hrane, na delovnem mestu ali pa v nosečnosti, ko se iz matere prek placente prenesejo na plod. Glavna tarča aflatoksinov so jetra, kjer povzročajo raka jeter. Povezujejo jih tudi z drugimi vrstami raka (požiralnika, žolčnika), povezani so z nastankom jetrne ciroze, povzročajo aspergilozo, akutna zastrupitev z aflatoksini pa lahko vodi v odpoved jeter in celo smrt. Najbolj ranljiva skupina so otroci, pri katerih se škodljivi učinki kažejo kot zaostanek v rasti. Najpogosteje smo jim izpostavljeni prek hrane, saj plesen kontaminira širok nabor pridelkov (žita, oreščke, začimbe, suho sadje itd.). Na delovnem mestu so aflatoksinom izpostavljeni predvsem delavci v panogah, kot sta kmetijstvo in gradbeništvo, delavci v prehrambni industriji ter zdravstveni delavci. Ugotavlja se nizko znanje in slaba ozaveščenost o aflatoksinih. Pozitivni rezultati o višji ozaveščenosti se kažejo na območjih, kjer potekajo načrtne izobraževalne pobude.
Keywords:aflatoksini, vpliv na zdravje, varna hrana, poklicna izpostavljenost
Year of publishing:2025
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-12548 New window
Publication date in ReVIS:09.11.2025
Views:146
Downloads:5
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Aflatoxins and health implications
Abstract:Introduction: Aflatoxins are metabolic products of moulds of the Aspergillus species and, even in small amounts, they have a harmful effect on human health. Most commonly, they cause liver cancer. They are classified as carcinogenic substances. The aim of this literature review is to examine the impact of aflatoxins on human health, to explore the health consequences they cause, the ways in which people are exposed to them, the occupational groups at risk, and the level of awareness about them. Methods: Data were collected through a systematic review of professional and scientific literature and analysis of the sources obtained. Both domestic and foreign literature were used, gathered on the basis of exclusion criteria from databases such as Springer Link, PubMed, COBISS and Google Scholar. The following keywords were used: aflatoxins, health impact, food safety, occupational exposure (in Slovenian) and aflatoxins, health implications, food safety, occupational exposure (in English). Inclusion criteria were: articles in English or Slovenian, published between 2015 and 2025, open access, full text, and peer-reviewed. Duplicate articles and those not including the searched content were excluded. Data collection was carried out in March 2025. A thematic analysis of the included studies was conducted, using coding techniques and the creation of thematic categories. The process of the literature search was presented in a Prisma diagram. Results: A total of 19 studies were included in the final analysis. The selection of literature was based on content relevance. The quality of the selected scientific and professional literature was determined with the help of the hierarchy of evidence in scientific research. The research included four systematic reviews, one cohort study, two case-control studies, three cross-sectional studies, two qualitative studies and seven literature reviews. The thematic codes were grouped into five categories: harmful effects of aflatoxins on health, types of aflatoxin exposure, occupational groups at risk, exposure of healthcare workers, and awareness of aflatoxins. Discussion: Aflatoxins are widespread, making them difficult to avoid. Exposure can occur through food, in the workplace, or during pregnancy, when they can be transferred from the mother to the foetus via the placenta. The primary target of aflatoxins is the liver, where they cause liver cancer. They are also associated with other cancers (oesophageal and gallbladder), the development of liver cirrhosis and aspergillosis. Acute aflatoxin poisoning can lead to liver failure and even death. Children are the most vulnerable group, with harmful effects manifesting as growth retardation. Most exposure occurs through food, as mould contaminates a wide range of crops (grains, nuts, spices, dried fruit, etc.). Occupational exposure to aflatoxins is most common among workers in sectors such as agriculture and construction, workers in the food industry, and healthcare workers. Studies show low levels of knowledge and poor awareness of aflatoxins. Positive results in terms of higher awareness are observed in areas where targeted educational initiatives are implemented.
Keywords:aflatoxins, health implications, food safety, occupational exposure


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