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Title: Pravni vidiki Schengenske meje med Slovenijo in Hrvaško s poudarkom na (dnevni) delovni migraciji : magistrsko delo Authors: ID Sobočan, Stanislav (Author) ID Raščan, Stanislav (Mentor) More about this mentor... Files: MAG_Sobocan_Stanislav_i2016.pdf (1,62 MB) MD5: 149742D81A095504FE18351DCD984BA6   Language: Slovenian Work type: Master's thesis Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis Organization: FDŠ - Nova Univerza - The Graduate School of Government and European Studies Abstract: Uspešnost integracij, mobilnost delavcev in migracije so le del učinkov, ki jih je prinesla Evropska unija. Nadnacionalna institucija, ki dopolnjuje državljanstvo posamezne nacionalne države in v kateri se odraža primarna narava prava Evropske unije, pomeni napredek v pojmovanju poenotene Evrope, hkrati pa ugotavljamo, da svoboda gibanja in mobilnost delavcev zmanjšujeta socialne pritiske v najrevnejši delih Unije tudi za tiste, ki ostajajo doma. S prostim pretokom delovne sile ustvarjamo možnosti za jasnejše in učinkovitejše gospodarske politike Unije, poleg tega pa mobilnost delovne sile pozitivno vpliva na gospodarski razvoj v določenih območjih, vendar je potrebno izpostaviti ugotovitev, da imigracije v določena območja ne prinašajo samo pozitivnih stvari. Kot manj sprejemljivo se ugotavlja dejstvo, da so ponavadi imigranti podvrženi asimilacijskim tokovom, možnemu zavračanju lokalnega prebivalstva, zmanjša se lahko tudi dinamičnost kapitala in gospodarstva v emigracijskih območjih. Kot ustrezen protiukrep tem ugotovitvam se postavljata pravilno oblikovanje in razvoj učinkovite regionalne politike, ki bi poskrbela za razvoj delovnih mest v gospodarsko manj razvitih delih Evropske unije. Ko govorimo o praktični in operativni uporabi pravnih norm Shengenske konvencije, lahko ugotovimo, da postavlja politika prebivalce tretjih držav v manj privilegiran položaj, kar pomeni, da so podvrženi ostrejši in doslednejši kontroli ob vstopu v schengensko območje in da so v primeru kontrole v notranjosti tudi podvrženi neprijetnim posledicam. V tem primeru se ugotavlja, da so ob formalni kontroli (tudi v primeru, da niso kazensko odgovorni oz. niso povzročili nobenih dogodkov ali prestopkov, ki bi podlegali kakršni koli obliki prijave) njihovi podatki zabeleženi v informacijski sistem EU (SIS), ki je enoten in daje možnost vpogleda vsem organom na področju varnosti v EU. Seznami pa so lahko tudi pozitivni, ko gre npr. za pregon osumljencev oz. storilcev kaznivih dejanj. Ugotavljamo, da predstavlja shengenska meja dejansko ugodnost za prebivalce znotraj zunanjih meja območja; za državljane EU, ki še niso v schengenskem območju, pa pomeni le manjšo oviro zaradi kontrole dokumentov. Za vse državljane tretjih držav (kar je Sloveniji najbližja Hrvaška) pa lahko pomeni resno oviro ob vstopu, pridobivanju vizuma, delovnega dovoljenja ali dovoljenja za bivanje. Operativna uporaba pravnih norm sicer zaenkrat ugotavlja, da praksa zavračanja v tem obdobju ni pravilo, vendar se število dogodkov, ki vplivajo na zavrnitev vstopajočih in vrnitev tistih, ki bivajo v Sloveniji ilegalno, ob dosledni uporabi pravnih norm skokovito povečuje, kar dokazujemo v nadaljevanju dela. V času nastajanja dela je Republika Hrvaška postala članica EU, vendar še vedno ostaja zunaj schengenskega območja, kar pomeni določena razlikovanja do članic EU znotraj navedenega območja. Prebivalci Republike Hrvaške več niso državljani tretjih držav, ampak državljani EU, ki morajo prehajati schengensko mejo. Vse relacije, ki se pojavljajo na področju dnevnih delovnih migracij zaradi pravnih ovir, vplivov in zahtev, se urejajo na ravni skupnega schengenskega zakonika, na podlagi zakonov, uredb in sklepov, ki jih sprejemata Svet EU in Evropski parlament in so del zakonikov posameznih držav članic kot del skupne pravne podlage. Keywords: schengenska meja, schengensko območje, schengensko pravo, Slovenija, Hrvaška, države članice EU, dnevni delovni migranti, zakon o tujcih, delovna dovoljenja, magistrske naloge Place of publishing: Kranj Place of performance: Kranj Publisher: [S. Sobočan] Year of publishing: 2016 Year of performance: 2016 Number of pages: IX, 96 str. PID: 20.500.12556/ReVIS-1654  COBISS.SI-ID: 512369779  UDC: 341.24:314.15 Note: Mag. znanosti; Publication date in ReVIS: 24.08.2017 Views: 4390 Downloads: 171 Metadata:    Cite this work Plain text BibTeX EndNote XML EndNote/Refer RIS ABNT ACM Ref AMA APA Chicago 17th Author-Date Harvard IEEE ISO 690 MLA Vancouver : Copy citation

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The success of integration, the mobility of workers and enabled migration are just a part of the consequences the European Union brought. The Union, which is a supplement to the citizenship of every sovereign European Union member country and in which the leading principle of European Union law is reflected, benefits the European community by unifying different member countries and at the same time by enabling higher mobility. It eases the social tensions in the poorest European Union regions by providing them with more financial stability, which exhales from the model of mobility and the opportunity of migration. With the free movement of workers we are creating clear and more efficient economic policies of the Union and with that we positively influence the economic development of certain areas. Nevertheless we have to point out that migrations do not necessarily bring only positive consequences. The fact, that immigrants usually undergo the pressure of assimilation are exposed to the presence of xenophobia and the lowering of economical standards in the emigration areas are all negative aspects of enabled worker mobility. As a countermeasure to these negative aspects we come to the conclusion that it is necessary to create an effective regional policy, which will provide the poorest regions in the European Union with possibilities of creating work places and so helping the economy. When we talk about the practical and operative use of law norms regarding the Schengen convention we see that it gives the citizens of third countries an underprivileged position. The underprivileged position implies that the citizens of third countries have higher security standards while entering the Schengen zone. In case of being controlled in the inside of Schengen zone, the third country citizens are captured in the EU information system, even though not accused of a criminal act. The information system that is common for all countries and provides information to institutions that work in the field of EU security control and so the third country citizens visiting or migrating in Schengen zone are a lot more controlled. The information system is very welcome in the field of criminal prosecution and so presents in contrary to the information gathering disadvantages, a positive side of the Schengen policy towards third countries. We may conclude that the Schengen zone presents a big advantage for the citizens involved in it. The EU member countries that still did not fully enforce Schengen zone have a small adversity of having to identify themselves by crossing country borders in between the zone, but do not have any other disadvantages. However the citizens of third countries (which we can mostly relate to our neighbor country Croatia) can have serious obstacles by entering or trying to obtain a visa, working permit or living permit. The operative use of law norms now a day ensures that as few as possible people get rejected while trying to obtain a visa. De facto the rejection quotes are decreasing and the numbers of events, which may lead to rejection, are steadily reducing so that the citizens of third countries would face fewer problems while trying to enter the Schengen zone. Although throughout the preparation of this thesis there has been a great political shift with Croatia becoming a member state of the EU, Schengen border law still applies. Croatia is still not a member of the Schengen area which requires further differentiation of workers from Croatia in comparison to other EU member works within the Schengen area. In practice this means citizens of Croatia are not third country citizens anymore, but represent EU citizens, which still have to pass Schengen borders. All question in relation to daily work migrations their legal obstacles, influences and requirements are regulated by the Schengen law, under auspice of laws, directives and decisions of the European Council and the European Parliament and are part of the legislature of member states under the provisions of a common European legal framework.

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