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Title:Vloga mednarodne skupnosti v Ruandskem genocidu : diplomsko delo
Authors:ID Kodrič, Tjaša (Author)
ID Letnar Černič, Jernej (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf RAZ_Kodric_Tjasa_i2017.pdf (1,57 MB)
MD5: 96E11D5404133EFFEAD4D19D8C88B109
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FDŠ - Nova Univerza - The Graduate School of Government and European Studies
Abstract:Leta 1994 se je v Ruandi razbesnel genocid, ki je v samo stotih dneh terjal med 800.000 in 1.000.000 življenj. Dejavniki, ki so pripeljali do genocida, so številni in zapleteni. Velik delež k začetku napetosti med dvema etničnima skupinama je prispevala Belgija, ki je kot kolonialna oblast popolnoma zmotno ocenila tako naravo oblasti kot vlogo etničnega razlikovanja v svoji koloniji. Ruanda je postala neodvisna država leta 1962, s čimer se je na oblast po desetletjih tutsijske monarhije s klerikalno in belgijsko podporo zavihtel Hutujec. Menjava ene elite z drugo je neizogibno vodila v turbulentno politično dogajanje, ki se je po izvedenem coup d'etat, s katerim je oblast prevzel Juvénal Habyarimana, samo še poslabšalo.Mirovni sporazum iz Arushe je bil zadnji poskus mirne rešitve spora med Habyarimanovo vlado in uporniško Ruandsko Patriotsko Fronto. Sporazum je zahteval razporeditev mednarodne nevtralne sile, ki bi nadzirala implementacijo sporazuma. OZN je v ta namen ustanovila UNAMIR, ki je v Ruando prispel v avgustu 1993.Genocid se je začel 6. aprila 1994, s strmoglavljenjem letala ruandskega predsednika Juvénala Habyarimane. Tistega dne je država zgrmela v nepredstavljiv pekel, ki je v stotih dneh terjal 10 % ruandskega prebivalstva, 30 % prebivalstva pa je zbežalo v sosednje države. UNAMIR je bil številčno in logistično podhranjen. Številne države članice Varnostnega sveta so veliki operaciji v luči Bosne in Somalije nasprotovale in jo v času genocida tudi občutno zmanjšale. Odziv OZN-a je bil prepozen, nezadosten in neučinkovit. Po genocidu je mednarodna skupnost doumela njegove razsežnosti. OZN je v tem okviru ustanovila neodvisno komisijo, ki je izdala Poročilo o neodvisni preiskavi o dejanjih OZN med genocidom v Ruandi leta 1994. Organizacija afriške enotnosti je ustanovila svojo preiskavo, kjer je poskušala genocid in odziv mednarodne skupnosti predstaviti iz afriškega konteksta. Iz obeh poročil izhaja, da mednarodna skupnost ni storila dovolj, da bi preprečila ali ustavila genocid, razlogi za to pa so, tako kot genocid, številni in kompleksni, med glavne pa lahko vključimo politične in zgodovinske razloge.
Place of publishing:Kranj
Place of performance:Kranj
Publisher:[T. Kodrič]
Year of publishing:2017
Year of performance:2017
Number of pages:VI, 75 str.
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-4552 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:2053176502 New window
UDC:341.485(043.2)
Note:Dipl. delo 1. stopnje bolonjskega študija;
Publication date in ReVIS:06.08.2018
Views:2720
Downloads:177
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Abstract:In 1994, a genocide erupted in Rwanda, claiming between 800,000 and 1,000,000 lives in just one hundred days. There are numerous factors of complex nature that led to the genocide. Belgium played an important role in initiating the tension between the two ethnic groups, as it completely misjudged the nature of power, as well as the role of ethnic distinction in its colony. Rwanda gained independence in 1962, bringing Hutu back to power with clerical and Belgian support, after decades of Tutsi monarchy. The exchange of one elite with another inevitably led to turbulent political events that have only worsened once Juvénal Habyarimana took power after coup d'etat.The Arusha Accords was the last attempt at a peaceful settlement of the dispute between the Habyarimana government and the rebel Rwandan Patriotic Front. The agreement required the deployment of an international neutral force to oversee the implementation of the agreement. For this purpose, UN has established UNAMIR, which arrived in Rwanda in August 1993.The genocide began on April 6, 1994, with the plane crash of the Rwandan President Juvénal Habyarimana. On that day the country thumped into an unimaginable hell, which claimed 10 % of the Rwandan population in one hundred days, with another 30 % fleeing to the neighboring countries.UNAMIR was numerically and logistically malnourished. Many Member States of the Security Council opposed to the large mission in the light of the events in Bosnia and Somalia, and significantly reduced it during the time of the genocide. The UN's response was too late, insufficient and ineffective.Only after the genocide the international community started to comprehend its full extent. Within this framework, the UN has established an independent commission that issued the Independent Investigation Report on the UN's actions during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. The Organization of African Unity set up its own investigation, where it tried to present the genocide and the reaction of the international community from the African point of view. Both reports concluded that the international community utterly failed to prevent or stop the genocide, and that the reasons, like the genocide itself, are numerous and complex, the main ones being of political and historical nature.
Keywords:Genocid


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