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Title:Varstvo indigenous peoples znotraj mednarodnopravnega varstva manjšin : diplomsko delo
Authors:ID Vuga, Sara (Author)
ID Petrič, Ernest (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf RAZ_Vuga_Sara_i2017.pdf (1,21 MB)
MD5: 7A0525A3D90813BA221452123AA3DEF0
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:EVRO-PF - Nova Univerza - European Faculty of Law
Abstract:Manjšine so tiste skupine prebivalstva, ki v določeni državi predstavljajo neprivilegirano skupino, ki je številčno inferiorna, ima svoje etnične, jezikovne, kulturne ali verske posebnosti, zaradi katerih se njeni pripadniki čutijo povezane in želijo te svoje posebnosti ohranjati in razvijati. Iz teh lastnosti izhaja posebna potreba po njihovi posebni zaščiti. Dolga leta so se problemi manjšin reševali na bilateralni ravni, problemi prvobitnih ljudstev pa na temelju pogodb med posameznimi ljudstvi in vladami držav, na ozemlju katerih so se ljudstva nahajala. Manjšinsko problematiko so pogosto urejale predvsem mirovne pogodbe. Sistem po 1. svetovni vojni, ko so se v Evropi na novo zarisale državne meje, je ustvaril približno 30 milijonov pripadnikov manjšin, ki so se iz takšnih ali drugačnih razlogov znašle izven ozemlja matične države. Tedaj so bile k manjšinskemu varstvu zavezane zgolj šibkejše države oziroma poraženke 1. svetovne vojne. Sistem Društva narodov se je z izbruhom druge svetovne vojne izkazal za neučinkovitega, eden izmed mnogih razlogov za to pa je bila tudi pomanjkljivost urejanja manjšinske problematike na širšem, mednarodni ravni. Druga svetovna vojna je pokazala, da države ne poskrbijo vedno najbolje za svoje državljane, še posebej za tiste, ki pripadajo določeni etnični, narodni, verski ali jezikovni manjšini. Organizacija združenih narodov se je prav tako problema lotila zadržano. Generalna skupščina je leta 1948 sprejela Splošno deklaracijo človekovih pravic, ki je vsem ljudem priznavala dostojanstvo, varstvo pred diskriminacijo in pravico do enakega uživanja človekovih pravic. Kljub vsemu pa se v samem besedilu ne omenja manjšin. Leta 1966 so bile s sprejetjem Mednarodnega pakta o državljanskih in političnih pravicah prvič v mednarodnopravnem dokumentu omenjene manjšine. Od takrat naprej je razvoj varstva manjšin močno napredoval in na mednarodni ravni je bilo sprejetih več dokumentov, ki manjšinam zagotavljajo posebne manjšinske pravice, s katerimi je možno doseči ne le formalne, ampak tudi dejanske enakopravnosti z večinskim delom prebivalstva. Čeprav imajo prvobitna ljudstva določene karakteristike, po katerih jih lahko opredelimo kot manjšine, pa gre za posebne skupnosti, ki si zaslužijo posebno varstvo. Gre za ljudstva, ki so na določenem območju obstajala pred prihodom ostalega prebivalstva. Ljudstva so bila v obdobju priseljevanja ostalega prebivalstva močno prizadeta, če ne fizično, pa je bil zagotovo prizadet obstoj in razvoj njihove kulture, jezika in ostalih elementov identitete. Tudi v današnjem času se prvobitna ljudstva borijo za svoje mesto znotraj "civiliziranega" sveta. Dejstvo, da pripadajo najrevnejšemu delu sveta, jih sili, da opuščajo svoje posebnosti, zaradi katerih so v slabšem položaju, in prevzemajo večinske. Ljudstva živijo razpršeno po vsem svetu, skupno pa jim je to, da se srečujejo z asimilacijskimi težnjami držav, na ozemljih katerih živijo, ter se borijo za svoj obstoj in razvoj njihovih specifičnih kultur. Diplomska naloga opisuje, kako so se predstavniki prvobitnih ljudstev borili za ureditev njihove problematike na mednarodni ravni. Opisuje pravice, ki morajo biti ljudstvom zagotovljene, da jim je omogočen ne le fizični, ampak tudi kulturni obstoj in razvoj.
Keywords:prvobitna ljudstva, manjšine, človekove pravice, diplomske naloge, bolonjski program
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Place of performance:Ljubljana
Publisher:[S. Vuga]
Year of publishing:2017
Year of performance:2017
Number of pages:X, 70 str.
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-4896 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:2053188278 New window
UDC:342.7:316.347.2(043.2)
Note:Dipl. delo 1. stopnje bolonjskega študija; univerzitetni študijski program Pravo I;
Publication date in ReVIS:17.08.2018
Views:3172
Downloads:157
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Secondary language

Language:English
Abstract:Minorities are groups of population that are underprivileged, numerically inferior to majority part of population in a country that they live in and have ethnic, linguistic, cultural or religiuos specificities that make its members feel connected and wanting to preserve and develop these specificities. For those reasons they are in need of special protection. For many years, minority issues have been resolved on a bilateral level. The resolutions for the problems of indigenous people were often based on agreements between govenments and different indigenous groups. After the First World War new national borders were established which left approximately 30 million people out of their home country. At that time the only countries that were bound by provisions of treaties which protected minorities were the countries defeated in the First World War. League of Nation system was proven to be ineffective when it came to assuring stability and peace. One of the reasons was the ignorance regarding minority issues on the broader international level. The Second World War showed that countries do not always provide the best for their citizens, especially for those who belong to a particular ethnic, national, religious or linguistic minority.United Nations were also restrained when it came to this issue. In 1948, the General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In the Declaration it was established that all human are equal in dignity and rights and that they should be protectet from any form of discrimination. Nevertheless there was no mention of minorities. The first international document that mentioned minorities was International Convent on Civil and Political Rights. Since then there has been a lot of progress on the matter and at the international level. There are many international documents today that provide protection of special minority rights and allow those minority groups to be treated equaly to majority population. Indigenous people have certain characteristics on which we can recognize them as minority groups. They are special communities that deserve special protection. These are people who existed on the territory before the arrival of the rest of the population. During the immigration period people,their culture, language and other elements of identity were severely affected. Even today indigenous people struggle to find their place within the "civilized" world.They belong to the poorest part of the world which is forcing them to abandon their special features which make them weaker and adopt the ones which belong to majority of population. Those groups live scattered all over the world with a lot of things in common. They are faced with the assimilation aspirations of the countries of which they live in, struggling for their existence and struggling to maintain their culture. This diploma thesis describes how indigenous peoples fought for their rights in the international arena. It describes the rights that are essential if we want to preserve those special cultures, physical and cultural existence of indigenous peoples and provide actual equality for all people.


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