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Title:Ustavnost Turčije : diplomsko delo
Authors:ID Gašparin Kavčič, Lea (Author)
ID Mavčič, Arne (Mentor) More about this mentor... New window
Files:.pdf RAZ_Gasparin_Kavcic_Lea_i2020.pdf (897,17 KB)
MD5: 804EE23C3D33A1CD50B9BF912D738B82
 
Language:Slovenian
Work type:Final reflection paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:EVRO-PF - Nova Univerza - European Faculty of Law
Abstract:Zametki turške ustavnosti segajo že v obdobje Otomanskega cesarstva, ko je bila sprejeta prva ustava leta 1876. V obdobju turške republike so bile sprejete še štiri ustave. V skoraj stoletnem obdobju je država doživela več vojaških posredovanj. Od prvega vojaškega posredovanja leta 1961 je bilo turško politično življenje pod vplivom doktrine o nacionalni varnosti. Omenjeni vpliv je postal še izrazitejši po državnem udaru leta 1980, ki je privedel do priprave ustave, usmerjene v državo. Trenutno veljavna ustava iz leta 1982 je bila že večkrat spremenjena. Njene spremembe skozi leta temeljijo na turški družbeni in politični resničnosti, druge pa so bile pogojene z zahtevami Evropske unije. S pritiski na civilno družbo in medije, ki so se zoperstavljali Erdoganovemu slogu vladanja in vse občutnejšemu odmikanju sekularne Turčije od svoje prvotne ustavne ureditve, se je dogajala vse močnejša erozija človekovih pravic. Čeprav turška ustava razlikuje med individualnimi, socialnimi in ekonomskimi ter političnimi pravicami, so z ustavno pritožbo varovane le pravice, ki so urejene v EKČP. Izrazito poslabšanje na področju varstva pravic sta povzročila neuspeli državni udar leta 2016 in razglasitev izrednega stanja. V času izrednih razmer so bili sprejeti ukrepi, ki so imeli nesorazmerne in dolgotrajno negativne posledice za državljane in varstvo njihovih pravic. ESČP je izdalo številne obsodilne sodbe v zvezi s kršitvijo temeljnih pravic in svoboščin. V duhu izrednih razmer je bila tudi sprememba ustave, ki je med drugim prinesla transformacijo turškega parlamentarnega sistema v predsedniški z obsežnejšimi pooblastili, kot velja za ostale države s predsedniškim sistemom.
Keywords:ustava, ustavni amandmaji, ustavno sodišče, ustavna pritožba, Turčija
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Place of performance:Ljubljana
Publisher:[L. Gašparin Kavčič]
Year of publishing:2020
Year of performance:2020
Number of pages:57 str.
PID:20.500.12556/ReVIS-6957 New window
COBISS.SI-ID:34028547 New window
UDC:342(056)(043.2)
Note:Pravo 1. stopnje; Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 25. 10. 2020;
Publication date in ReVIS:01.12.2020
Views:2049
Downloads:169
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Secondary language

Language:English
Abstract:Turkey's constitutionality is traced back to the Ottoman Empire, when the first constitution was adopted in 1876. The Republic of Turkey enacted four more constitutions. In an almost 100-year period, the country saw many military interventions. From the first military intervention in 1961, Turkish political life became influenced by the national security doctrine. This influence grew stronger following the 1980 coup-d%état, after which a constitution, oriented towards the country itself, was drafted. The current Constitution was adopted in 1982 and was amended several times. These amendments are based on Turkish social and political reality, whereas other constitutions were determined by the EU requirements. The pressures on the civil society and media, opposing Erdogan%s rule and the growing deviation of a secular Turkey from its original constitutional structure, resulted in an increasingly stronger erosion of human rights. Even though Turkish Constitution distinguishes between individual, social, economic and political rights, the constitutional appeal only protects the rights included in the ECHR. The field of the protection of rights deteriorated owing to the failed 2016 coup d'état and the declaration of the state of emergency. During the state of emergency, Turkey adopted measures, which had disproportionate and negative long-term consequences for the country's citizens and the protection of their rights. The ECHR reached several decisions of conviction regarding the violation of fundamental rights and liberties. The Constitution was amended during the state of emergency, transforming Turkish parliamentary system into a presidential system with more powers than is characteristic of other countries% presidential systems.


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