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Title: Mehanizem relapsa : diplomska naloga Authors: ID Jovanović, Nina (Author) ID Stepišnik Perdih, Tjaša (Mentor) More about this mentor... Files: RAZ_Jovanovic_Nina_i2020.pdf (1,17 MB) MD5: C6770EBCCFBBADA9884A3AD87BCB9A76   Language: Slovenian Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis Organization: FUDS - School of advanced social studies Abstract: Diplomska naloga opisuje mehanizem relapsa in kako je ta umeščen v kontekst zdravljenja od psihoaktivnih snovi (PAS). Relaps oziroma recidiv je pogost, nezaželen pojav pri zasvojenosti od psihoaktivnih snovi in ponuja možnost uvida v sprožilce in okoliščine, ki so do relapsa pripeljali. V nalogi smo poskušali poiskati model relapsa in njegove vzroke. V teoretičnem delu naloge predstavimo nevroznanstveni vidik in vlogo motivacije pri nastanku zasvojenosti. Opredeljeni so stili navezanosti in pomembnost odnosov v človeškem življenju, saj so to tisti dejavniki, zaradi katerih se morda zasvojenost nikoli ne bo razvila. Če pa do nje že pride, se uporabniki lahko s pomočjo odnosov iztrgajo zasvojenosti. V empiričnem delu smo raziskovali mehanizem relapsa na podlagi pričevanj 13 uporabnikov, ki živijo v stanovanjskih skupnostih za reintegracijo. Vzorec je obsegal uporabnike, ki abstinirajo najmanj 1 leto in največ 7 let. Na podlagi njihovih izkušenj smo identificirali pogoste vzroke oziroma okoliščine, ki so jih pripeljale do relapsa in kako so te izkušnje zaznamovale nadaljnji potek zdravljenja. Prepoznali smo okvirni model poteka okrevanja od zasvojenosti, za katerega menimo, da bi lahko veljal za veliko večino zasvojenih. Rezultati so pokazali, da bi lahko relaps razumeli, kot posledico nihanja med dvema silama. Na eni strani želja po bolj zdravem, kvalitetnem življenju in na drugi strani zasvojenost. Na kateri strani se bo uporabnik znašel, je odvisno od več notranjih in zunanjih dejavnikov. Med notranje dejavnike štejemo notranjo motivacijo, ki se je običajno porodila po dolgotrajnem jemanju PAS s svojimi posledicami. K zunanjim dejavnikom prištevamo negativne življenjske dogodke, ki so jih prisilili v ukrepanje, na primer izguba službe ali trenja z okolico in domačimi. Za preventivo relapsa je ključnega pomena, da uporabniki aktivno skrbijo za sebe na vseh pomembnih življenjskih področji. Med bolj pomembnimi dejavniki, ki so botrovali preprečitvi relapsa so bili kvalitetni odnosi, ki so jih uporabniki stkali s strokovnim kadrom in sostanovalci. V teh odnosih so se naučili bolj primerne načine lajšanja stiske in bolj primeren stil reševanja problemov. Nekateri so pričeli prepoznavati svojo vrednost in pridobivati na samozavesti, kar je tudi dejavnik pri preprečitvi relapsa, lahko bi to razumeli kot grajenje boljše samopodobe. Pomembno je, da se razume zdravljenje, kot nekaj, ki poteka v fazah. Pri vsaki fazi obstajajo različni rizični dejavniki, ki botrujejo relapsu in katere je potrebno nasloviti. Zavedanje rizičnih dejavnikov je pa posledica osebnostne rasti in dela na sebi, vsak dan, dan za dnem. Keywords: mehanizem relapsa, zasvojenost, PAS, stanovanjske skupnosti, reintegracija, abstinenca, kvalitetno življenje, diplomske naloge Place of publishing: Nova Gorica Place of performance: Nova Gorica Publisher: [N. Jovanović] Year of publishing: 2020 Year of performance: 2020 Number of pages: 65 str., [5] str. pril. PID: 20.500.12556/ReVIS-8124  COBISS.SI-ID: 57270787  UDC: 613.8 Note: Študijski program Psihosocialna pomoč; Publication date in ReVIS: 13.08.2021 Views: 1658 Downloads: 125 Metadata:    Cite this work Plain text BibTeX EndNote XML EndNote/Refer RIS ABNT ACM Ref AMA APA Chicago 17th Author-Date Harvard IEEE ISO 690 MLA Vancouver : Copy citation

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The paper describes the mechanism of relapse and how it is placed in the context of treatment of psychoactive substances abuse. Relapse is a common, undesirable phenomenon in addiction to psychoactive substances and offers the possibility of insight into the triggers and circumstances that led to relapse. In the paper we tried to find the model of relapse and its causes. In the theoretical part of the paper, the neuroscientific aspect and the role of motivation in the development of addiction are presented. Attachment styles and the importance of relationships in human life are defined, as these are the factors that prevent addiction, or help those who are addicted, to treat addictions through relationships. In the empirical part, we investigated the relapse mechanism based on the testimonies of 13 users living in residential reintegration communities. The sample consisted of users who abstained for a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 7 years. Based on their experience, we identified common causes or circumstances that led to their relapse and how these experiences marked the further course of treatment. We identified an outline model of the course of recovery from addiction that we believe could apply to the vast majority of addicts. The results showed that the relapse could be understood as a consequence of fluctuations between the two forces. On the one hand, the desire for a healthier, quality life and on the other hand, addiction. Which side the user will find themselves on depends on several internal and external factors. Internal factors include internal motivation, which is usually born after long-term use of PAS with its consequences. External factors include negative life events that forced them to take action, such as the loss of a job or friction with the social circle and family. To prevent relapse, it is crucial that users practice self care in all important areas of life. Among the more important factors that contributed to the prevention of relapse were the quality relationships that users forged with professional staff and roommates. In these relationships, they learned more appropriate ways to alleviate distress and a more appropriate style of problem solving. Some have begun to recognize their value and gain in self-confidence, which is also a factor in preventing relapse, this could be understood as building a better self-image. It is important to understand treatment as something that takes place in stages. At each stage, there are different risk factors that contribute to relapse and which need to be addressed. Awareness of risk factors, however, is the result of personal growth and working on oneself, every day, day after day.

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