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Title: Ustava Japonske : diplomsko delo Authors: ID Petrov, Oki (Author) ID Mavčič, Arne (Mentor) More about this mentor... Files: RAZ_Petrov_Oki_i2021.pdf (1,86 MB) MD5: DFF5AF8581C64F9D4D4B8DE89F00DB01   Language: Slovenian Work type: Final reflection paper Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis Organization: EVRO-PF - Nova Univerza - European Faculty of Law Abstract: Japonska (日本) je na področju ustavnega prava skozi ves svoj zgodovinski razvoj že od samih začetkov iskala svojo pot skozi vnos tujega sveta v svoj nacionalni habitat. Leta 604 n. št. je tako Princ Šotoku s Konstitucijo Sedemnajstih členov vnesel v ustavo in s tem v državo: budizem, konfucianizem in taoizem, vključno s kitajsko pisano besedo. To prvo ustavo zato lahko identificiramo z vdorom kitajske kulture in budizma (Indija) na Japonsko, kjer so dotlej veljala nepisana običajna pravila in verovanja avtohtone japonske religije šintoizma (神道). Druga ustava je bila napisana v enem najbolj nemirnih obdobij japonske zgodovine, v obdobju Meidži (明治時代), 1868–1912, ko se je po koncu Šogunata, ki je doživel svoj konec predvsem zaradi podpisov neugodnih mednarodnih pogodb, ki so odprle državo trgovskim ladjam Zahodnega sveta, začel vzpostavljati cesarski absolutizem, pod katerim so se Japonci odločili za drugi zgodovinski vnos tuje kulture, tokrat iz Zahodnega sveta. Eden prvih in najpomembnejših temeljev takšnega prehoda je bila prav ustava, sprejeta leta 1899, s katero je Japonska uvedla nekatere zahodne standarde, ki so se nanašali na upravljanja države in družbe.(uvedba prvega parlamentarnega sistema v Aziji). Začelo se je obdobje hitre industrializacije, urbanizacije, pa tudi militarizacije, ki se je zelo hitro prelevila v imperializem svetovnih razsežnosti. Kokutai (国体) je bil osnova takšnega preporoda, ki pa v svojem jedru ni imel miru, ampak konfrontacijo dveh različnih civilizacij, dveh različnih svetov. Temu antagonizmu Vzhoda in Zahoda Japonska ni uspela ubežati, ampak je postajala vse večji talec razlik, ki ji jih ni uspelo odpraviti. Obdobje tako ustvarjenega notranjega neravnovesja se je končalo tragično, saj so Japonci prvič v zgodovini morali podpisati brezpogojno kapitulacijo zavezniškim silam leta 1945. Tako se je poskus vnosa zahodnih meril končal z neuspehom. Američani so prevzeli protektorat nad ekonomsko in duhovno zlomljenim narodom, ki ni mogel spremeniti ustave iz leta 1899, saj so miselno in emocionalno Japonci še vedno ostali v letu 1899. Leta 1946 je nastala nova ustava, ki jo imenujemo »vsiljena ustava«, saj so jo Japonci morali sprejeti pod prisilo. Ustavo pripravijo in zapišejo Američani ter v njej popolnoma odstopijo od temeljev predhodnih dveh ustav. Keywords: Japonska, ustava, Cesar, spremenjena interpretacija, šintoizem, budizem, konfucianizem, radikalizem, harmonija, Zahodni svet, Američani Place of publishing: Ljubljana Place of performance: Ljubljana Publisher: [A. M. Mavčič] Year of publishing: 2021 Year of performance: 2021 Number of pages: 1 spletni vir (1 datoteka PDF (97 str.)) PID: 20.500.12556/ReVIS-8873  COBISS.SI-ID: 109737475  UDC: 347(043.2) Note: Dipl. delo 1. stopnje bolonjskega študija; Nasl. z nasl. zaslona; Opis vira z dne 30. 5. 2022; Publication date in ReVIS: 09.06.2022 Views: 1164 Downloads: 41 Metadata:    Cite this work Plain text BibTeX EndNote XML EndNote/Refer RIS ABNT ACM Ref AMA APA Chicago 17th Author-Date Harvard IEEE ISO 690 MLA Vancouver : Copy citation

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Since its inception and throughout its historical development, Japan (日 本) has sought its way in the field of constitutional law, through the introduction of the foreign world into its national habitat. In 604 AD, Prince Shotoku wrote his Seventeen-Article Constitution, thereby introducing Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, including the Chinese written word, into the constitution and thus into the state. This first constitution can be identified with the intrusion of Chinese culture and Buddhism (India) into Japan, where, up to that point, the unwritten rules and beliefs of the traditional Japanese Shinto (神 道) religion reigned supreme. The second constitution was written during one of the most turbulent periods in Japanese history, the Meiji period (明治 時代), 1868–1912, when, after the final demise of the Shogunate, which can mostly be attributed to the unequal international treaties that opened the country to trade ships from the Western world, an era of imperial absolutism started to establish itself, under which the Japanese decided to import a foreign culture for the second time in history, this time from the Western world. One of the first and most important foundations of this transition was the constitution, adopted in 1899, by which Japan introduced some Western standards relating to the governance of the state and of society. (the introduction of the first parliamentary system in Asia). A period of rapid industrialization, urbanization, as well as militarization began, which quickly transformed itself into imperialism of global proportions. Kokutai (国体) was the basis of such rebirth, which did not have peace in its core, but a confrontation between two different civilizations and two different worlds. Japan failed to escape this antagonism of the East and the West and became more and more a hostage to the differences that it had not managed to resolve. The resulting period of internal imbalance ended tragically, as the Japanese, for the first time in history, were forced to sign an unconditional surrender document to the Allied forces in 1945. Thus, the attempt to introduce Western standards ended in failure. When Japan became a protectorate of the United States, it was a nation that was both economically and spiritually broken and unable to change its constitution from 1899, since the Japanese were mentally and emotionally stuck in 1899. In 1946, a new constitution was drafted, which was a "forced constitution", since the Japanese were forced to adopt it under pressure. The constitution was drafted by the Americans and it was a complete negation of the principles contained in the previous two constitutions.

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