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Title: Vpliv telesne vadbe na kostno gostoto in število zlomov pri pacientih z osteoporozo Authors: Verdnik, Kaja (Author) Omejec, Gregor (Mentor) More about this co-author... Language: Slovenian Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper Organization: FIZIOTERAPEVTIKA - PHYSIOTHERAPEUTICA Abstract: Osteoporoza je degenerativna bolezen, za katero sta značilna zmanjšanje kostne gostote in sprememba arhitekture kosti, kar vpliva na krhkost in posledične zlome že ob manjših obremenitvah, kot so dvigovanje lahkih bremen, kašelj in vstajanje iz sedečega ali ležečega položaja. Najpogostejši so zlomi zapestja, kolka in vretenc. Za osteoporozo so dovzetnejše ženske v primerjavi z moškimi, proces razgradnje kosti pa se pospešeno začne v prvih petih letih po menopavzi zaradi zmanjšane sinteze estrogena, ki je naravni zaviralec kostne razgradnje. Ženske imajo v primerjavi z moškimi tudi nižjo kostno maso. Za osteoporozo je značilna dolga latentna doba pred razvojem kliničnih simptomov in znakov. Najpogostejši prvi simptom je akutna bolečina v hrbtu, ki se pojavi ob mirovanju ali med vsakodnevnimi opravili. Osteoporozo največkrat diagnosticiramo s pomočjo merjenja kostne gostote in laboratorijskimi preiskavami. Pomemben dejavnik preprečevanja osteoporoze je spodbujanje telesne aktivnosti v fazi rasti, saj pripomore k večji kostni gostoti v odrasli dobi. Največji vpliv na povečanje kostne gostote ima vadba proti uporu, raziskave pa so pokazale, da aerobika in gimnastične vaje nimajo vpliva na strukturo in karakteristiko kostne mase. Osebe z osteoporozo imajo navadno tudi težave s koordinacijo ali ravnotežjem, zato je pri njih prisoten tudi strah pred padci. Dober program vadbe mora vsebovati tudi vaje za izboljšanje ravnotežja. Vrsta, pogostost, trajanje in intenzivnost vadbe so pri pacientih z osteoporozo odvisni predvsem od starosti, spola, izrazitosti osteoporoze in fizične pripravljenosti. Priporoča se večkomponentni program vadbe, ki vključuje vaje proti uporu in vaje za ravnotežje v dolžini 30-40 minut tri- do štirikrat tedensko. Splošna priporočena intenzivnost znaša 70–80 odstotkov. Zavedati se je treba, da se oseba z osteoporozo ne bo nikoli mogla vrniti k prejšnjemu življenjskemu slogu, ne glede na to, koliko vadi. Kljub široki uporabi vadbenih programov pri obravnavi pacientov z osteoporozo vpliv vadbe na povečanje kostne gostote in preprečevanje padcev ni povsem znan, saj so raziskave nizke kakovosti. Zato potrebujemo kakovostne raziskave, ki bi natančno določile učinkovitost posameznih komponent vadbe in s tem programa vadbe za paciente z osteoporozo. Keywords: osteoporoza, vadba, padci, preventiva, kostna gostota Year of publishing: 2022 COBISS_ID: 132600067  VisID: 3597 Views: 687 Downloads: 111 Files:  1491$$vpliv_telesne_vadbe_na_kostno_gostoto_in_stevilo_zlomov_pri_pacientih_z_osteoporozo.pdf (668,07 KB)   Metadata:

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Secondary language

Language:	English
Title:	The effect of exercise on bone density and the number of fractures in patients with osteoporosis
Abstract:	Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease, characterized by a decrease in bone density and a change in bone architecture, which results in fragility and fractures even under minor stress, such as lifting light loads, coughing, and getting up from a sitting or lying position. The most common are wrist, hip and vertebral fractures. Women are more susceptible to osteoporosis compared to men, as the process of bone breakdown itself accelerates in the first five years after menopause due to the reduced synthesis of estrogen, which is a natural inhibitor of bone breakdown. Women also have lower bone mass compared to men. Osteoporosis is characterized by a long latent period before the development of clinical symptoms and signs. The most common first symptom is acute back pain that occurs at rest or during daily activities. Osteoporosis is divided into primary and secondary. Osteoporosis is most often diagnosed with the help of bone density measurements and laboratory tests. An important factor in the prevention of osteoporosis is the promotion of physical activity during the growth phase, as it helps to increase bone density in adulthood. Resistance training has the greatest impact on increasing bone density, but research has shown that aerobics and gymnastics exercises have no effect on the structure and characteristics of bone mass. People with osteoporosis usually also have problems with coordination or balance, which is why they also have a fear of falling. A good exercise program should also include exercises to improve balance. The type, frequency, duration and intensity of exercise in patients with osteoporosis depends primarily on age, gender, severity of osteoporosis and physical fitness. A multi-component exercise program is recommended, including resistance exercises and balance exercises lasting 30-40 minutes, three to four times a week. The general recommended intensity is 70-80 percent. We must realize that a person with osteoporosis can never return to their previous lifestyle, no matter how much they exercise. Despite the wide use of exercise programs in the treatment of patients with osteoporosis, the impact of exercise on increasing bone density and preventing falls is not fully known, as the existing research is of low quality. In the future, we hope and believe that an effective exercise program for patients with osteoporosis will be created, but at the moment, based on the selected literature, we cannot give anything other than recommendations regarding method and technique.
Keywords:	osteoporosis, exercise, falls, prevention, bone density

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